Vehicular video mirror system

ABSTRACT

A video mirror system for a vehicle includes an interior rearview mirror assembly having an electrochromic reflective element and a video display screen disposed to the rear of the reflective element. The video display screen, when actuated, emits light that passes through a transflective mirror reflector of the reflective element to be visible to a driver of the vehicle viewing the reflective element. The video display screen includes a thin film transistor liquid crystal display element that is back lit by a plurality of white light emitting light emitting diodes. A camera having a field of view rearward of the vehicle is mounted at the rear of the vehicle and, during a reversing maneuver of the vehicle, a video output of the camera is displayed by the video display screen as video images so as to assist the driver in reversing the equipped vehicle.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/209,645, filed Aug. 15, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,121,787,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/908,481,filed Oct. 20, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,000,894, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/724,895, filed Mar.16, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,822,543, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/405,614, filed Mar. 17, 2009, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,711,479, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/935,800, filed Nov. 6, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,571,042,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,381,filed Jan. 18, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,007, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/645,762, filed Aug.20, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,167,796, which claims priority of U.S.provisional application Ser. No. 60/406,166, filed Aug. 27, 2002; Ser.No. 60/405,392, filed Aug. 23, 2002; and Ser. No. 60/404,906, filed Aug.21, 2002, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/645,762 is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/456,599,filed Jun. 6, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,004,593, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/645,762 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/287,178, filed Nov. 4, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No.6,678,614, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/799,414, filed Mar. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,477,464, whichclaims priority of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/187,960,filed Mar. 9, 2000, all of which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/624,381 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/755,915, filed Jan. 13, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,446,650, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/793,002, filed Feb.26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, which claims benefit of U.S.provisional application Ser. No. 60/263,680, filed Jan. 23, 2001; Ser.No. 60/243,986, filed Oct. 27, 2000; Ser. No. 60/238,483, filed Oct. 6,2000; Ser. No. 60/237,077, filed Sep. 30, 2000; Ser. No. 60/234,412,filed Sep. 21, 2000; Ser. No. 60/218,336, filed Jul. 14, 2000; and Ser.No. 60/186,520, filed Mar. 2, 2000, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/624,381 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/054,633, filed Jan. 22, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, whichclaims priority from and incorporates by reference in their entiretiesU.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/346,733, filed Jan. 7, 2002;Ser. No. 60/263,680, filed Jan. 23, 2001; Ser. No. 60/271,466, filedFeb. 26, 2001; and Ser. No. 60/315,384, filed Aug. 28, 2001, and whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to telematics systems forvehicles and, more particularly, to telematics systems which may providedriving instructions or directions to a driver of a vehicle or which mayprovide other controls to an accessory or system of the vehicle. Thepresent invention also relates generally to vehicle seating adjustmentsystems and, more particularly, to vehicle seating adjustment systemswith memory adjustment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In-vehicle telematics systems or vehicle-based telematics systems, suchas General Motor's ONSTAR®, Daimler's TELEAID™, Ford's RESCU® or thelike, are common in vehicles today. Such telematics systems involve atelecommunication link from the vehicle to an operator or a voice inputsystem at a service center or the like external to the vehicle. Thedriver of the vehicle may connect or communicate with an operator at theservice center to request directions to a targeted location. The servicecenter may provide directions to the targeted location based on theknown position of the vehicle, which may be given to the service centeroperator by the driver, or which may be known by the operator via a linkto a global positioning system (GPS) of the vehicle.

However, in such concierge-type systems, typically all of the roadnames, exits to take, and directional headings/directions are givenverbally by the service center operator to the driver all together whilethe driver is driving the vehicle. The driver is then typically expectedto remember several directional driving instructions and often hasdifficulty in remembering the full directions. Although the driver mayoptionally remain on the line with the service center operator until thedriver reaches the intended destination, which may take many minutes,such as ten, fifteen, twenty minutes or more, and/or the driver may callback to the service center for updated directions, these actionsincrease the cost of the service, since the service center typicallycharges for such calls.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for a navigation system thatovercomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is intended to provide instructions or directionsto a driver of a vehicle which are keyed or coded or linked torespective geographic locations, such that the particular instructionsare provided in response to the geographic position of the vehicle atleast generally corresponding to the particular geographic locationassociated with the particular, instruction. The particular instructionsare thus provided to the driver of the vehicle only when the geographicposition of the vehicle is at or near the predetermined or presetwaypoints or geographic locations corresponding to the respectiveparticular instructions.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a navigation system fora vehicle includes a vehicle-based telematics system, a vehicle-basedglobal positioning system and a control. The telematics system isoperable to receive a user input and to download directional informationfrom a remote source to the control of the vehicle in response to theuser input (often, for instance, in ONSTAR®, the user input may be arequest from the driver to the remote source or service center operatorfor directions to a particular destination) and an initial geographicposition of the vehicle, such as typically determined by thevehicle-based global positioning system. The directional informationcomprises at least two instructions, with each instruction being codedto or associated with or linked to a respective geographic location orwaypoint. The control is operable to provide an output corresponding toeach of the at least two instructions in response to a then currentgeographic position of the vehicle. The control is operable to provideeach instruction only when the then current geographic position of thevehicle at least generally matches or corresponds to the particularrespective geographic location associated with the particularinstruction.

For instance, a first instruction is typically downloaded that comprisesinformation as to the initial geographic position and heading of thevehicle (e.g., “You are now heading East on Maple Street. Continue untilyou reach Oak Road.”). A second instruction may then provide informationas the vehicle approaches the appropriate turn or intersection or thelike to take (e.g., “You are now within two blocks of Oak Road. Prepareto turn Right at Oak Road.”). A subsequent instruction may then provideinformation as to the geographic position of the vehicle after theprevious step has been completed (e.g., “You are now heading South onOak Road. Continue until you reach Elm Street.”). The output thusprovides separate instructions or steps of the directional information,with each instruction coded to a particular geographic location andprovided in response to the then current geographic position of thevehicle.

Also, if the driver of the vehicle does not correctly turn or passes anappropriate turn or the like, the control of the present invention knowsthis via an input from the in-vehicle or vehicle-based globalpositioning system. As a consequence, a warning instruction may becommunicated to the driver indicating that the directions are not beingappropriately followed (e.g., “You have passed Oak Road. Please executea U-Turn and proceed West on Maple Street to Oak Road and turn Left atOak Road.”). Also, if the driver turns off a given road onto anincorrect road or otherwise strays from the given route, the control maycommunicate a similar warning or instruction to alert the driver thatthe vehicle is no longer traveling along the given route (e.g., “Youhave left Maple Street, but are not on Oak Road. Return to Maple Streetand continue East on Maple Street to Oak Road, then turn Right on OakRoad.”).

The control is operable to tag or code each of the instructions with arespective geographic location or waypoint (alternately, each of theinstructions may be tagged or coded or associated with a respectivegeographic location or waypoint at the remote source before downloadingto the control of the vehicle, without affecting the scope of thepresent invention). The control is then operable to only display aparticular instruction when the geographic location tagged or coded tothe particular instruction matches or generally matches the actual, thencurrent geographic position of the vehicle.

The control also receives, preferably continuously, an input from thevehicle-based global positioning system that is indicative of theactual, current geographic position of the vehicle as the vehicletravels along the road, highway or the like. The control is thenoperable to compare the tagged or coded geographic location (asassociated with the respective instructions) with the GPS-derived actualgeographic position information. Thus, the control may determine when aparticular instruction is appropriate to be displayed and/orcommunicated to the driver by determining that the GPS-derived actualgeographic position of the vehicle is now at or at least close to thegeographic location associated with a particular instruction.

The user input may comprise a vocal input from the driver of the vehicleto the remote source or service center, or may comprise a keypad inputor the like, without affecting the scope of the present invention.Preferably, the geographic position of the vehicle is provided to theremote source (such as a service center or the like) via the globalpositioning system of the vehicle and the telematics system of thevehicle.

In one form, the output of the control is provided to the driver as anaudible message. In another form, the output of the control is providedto the driver as a visible display. The visible display may comprise avideo display element, an alphanumeric or iconistic display element orthe like, and may comprise a display on demand type display element, athin film transistor liquid crystal display element, a multi-pixeldisplay element, and/or a multi-icon display element and/or the like. Inanother form, a combination of a visible and audible output may be used.

Optionally, the system may include a seat adjustment system that isoperable to adjust a seat of the vehicle in response to data receivedvia at least one of the vehicle-based telematics system and thevehicle-based global positioning system. The seat adjustment system maybe operable in response to biometric data pertaining to the occupant ofthe seat of the vehicle.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method forproviding navigational directions to a driver of a vehicle comprisesaccessing a remote source or service center via a vehicle-based wirelesscommunication system and downloading local information from the remotesource to a control of the vehicle via the wireless communication systemin response to a user input. The local information comprises at leasttwo driving instructions. Each of the at least two driving instructionsis associated with or linked to a respective, particular geographiclocation. A current geographic position of the vehicle is provided tothe control via a vehicle-based global positioning system. Each of theat least two driving instructions is provided by the control to thedriver in response to the then current geographic position of thevehicle and only when the current geographic position of the vehicle atleast generally matches or corresponds to the particular geographiclocation electronically associated with or linked to the respective oneof the at least two driving instructions.

Preferably, the method includes associating or tagging or coding orlinking (such as electronically, digitally or the like) each of theinstructions with a respective particular geographic location. Thecontrol may tag or code the instructions to be associated with therespective geographic locations after the instructions have beendownloaded, or the remote service center may tag or code theinstructions to be associated with the respective geographic locationsbefore downloading the instructions to the control, without affectingthe scope of the present invention.

In one form, the at least two driving instructions are visibly displayedto the driver at a display of the vehicle. In another form, the at leasttwo driving instructions are audibly communicated to the driver via atleast one speaker of the vehicle. In a third form, a combination of avisible display and audible communication may be used.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a navigationsystem for a vehicle comprises a vehicle-based telematics system, avehicle-based global positioning system, and a control. The telematicssystem is operable to receive a user input from a driver of the vehicleand to download directional information to the control of the vehicle inresponse to the user input and an initial geographic position of thevehicle. The directional information comprises at least twoinstructions. The control is operable to tag or code or link each of theinstructions with a respective geographic location. The control isoperable to provide an output corresponding to a particular instructiononly when the geographic location tagged or coded or linked to theparticular instruction at least generally corresponds to the actualcurrent geographic position of the vehicle.

The present invention thus provides for step-by-step instructions ordriving directions to the driver of a vehicle as the driver is drivingthe vehicle according to the instructions. Each step or instruction isprovided either after the previous step or instruction has beencompleted or as the vehicle approaches a turn or intersection orlocation where the next step is to be performed, so that the driver isnot overwhelmed with multiple instructions to remember as the driverdrives the vehicle toward the targeted destination. The control or theremote source or service center is operable to electronically ordigitally or otherwise tag, key, code or otherwise associate eachinstruction or step with a geographic location or waypoint, and thecontrol is operable to only display that instruction when the geographiclocation tagged to the instruction generally matches the actual, currentgeographic position of the vehicle. All of the instructions are providedor downloaded to the vehicle during a single, short communication withthe remote source or service center via the telematics system, so as toavoid multiple communications to the remote service center or a lengthycommunication with the remote service center, thereby reducing the costof the instruction service to the driver of the vehicle.

These and other objects, advantages, purposes, and features of thepresent invention will become more apparent from the study of thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a vehicle incorporating a navigation systemin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a navigation system in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a vehicle incorporating a seat adjustmentsystem in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a seat adjustment system in accordance withthe present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depictedtherein, a navigation system 10 of a vehicle 12 includes a control 14which is operable to communicate an output 16, such as step-by-stepdirections or driving instructions, to a driver of the vehicle based onan initial, current or present geographic position of the vehicle andthe desired or targeted final destination of the vehicle (FIGS. 1 and2). The initial geographic position of the vehicle and the targeteddestination is communicated to a remote source or service center 20 viaa telematics system 18 of the vehicle and a global positioning system 22of the vehicle. In response to a user input 24 from the driver or otheroccupant of the vehicle and the initial geographic position of thevehicle, the service center 20 provides or downloads a set ofinstructions or driving directions 26, which is received by the control14 from the service center via the telematics system or wirelesscommunication system 18 of the vehicle. Each of the particularinstructions is electronically or digitally or otherwise coded, tagged,keyed, or otherwise associated with a respective particular geographiclocation or waypoint. The control 14 then provides the instructions oroutput 16 to the driver in a step-by-step manner based on theGPS-derived, actual, then current geographic position of the vehicle,and with the stepping from one step to the subsequent step of theinstructions being linked to the then current geographic position of thevehicle in relation to the particular geographic locations or waypointsassociated with the instructions, as discussed below.

The driver or the other occupant of the vehicle provides the user input24 to the telematics system or wireless communication system 18 of thevehicle. The user input 24 may include a vocal communication or requestfor driving instructions or directional information to the finaldestination to an operator or voice input/recognition system of theservice center or the like 20 associated with the telematics system 18of the vehicle, or may be a keyed-in request or instructions via akeypad or the like to a remote computer system or computerized servicecenter or the like, without affecting the scope of the presentinvention. The driver or other occupant of the vehicle may provide (suchas via a vocal communication or via a keypad input or the like) theinitial position of the vehicle to the service center or the geographicposition of the vehicle may be communicated to the service center via aglobal positioning system 22 of the vehicle.

The remote service center 20 is then operable to download the local mapand/or the driving instructions or directions to a memory storage orcontrol 14 of the vehicle while the communication link is open betweenthe service center and the vehicle. Because only the local informationnecessary to direct the driver to the targeted destination is downloadedto the control or memory of the vehicle, the download may be completedin a relatively short period of time (thus minimizing the time and costof the communication) and does not require a large amount of memory orstorage space for the information. After the instructions or directionsare downloaded to the vehicle, the driver may disconnect from theservice center to avoid additional charges for the communication andservice.

Each of the output instructions provided by the control iselectronically or digitally or otherwise keyed or coded or tagged orotherwise associated with or linked to a respective or correspondinggeographic location or waypoint. The instructions may be tagged or codedby the remote source or service center before the instructions aredownloaded to the vehicle, or the instructions may be tagged or coded bythe control at the vehicle after the instructions have been downloadedto the control, without affecting the scope of the present invention.

The control 14 also receives, preferably continuously, an input from thein-vehicle or vehicle-based global positioning system 22 which isindicative of the actual, current geographic position of the vehicle asit travels along the road, highway or the like. The control is thenoperable to compare the tagged or coded geographic locations asassociated with the respective instructions with the GPS-derived actualgeographic position information. Thus, the control is operable todetermine when a particular instruction is appropriate to be displayedor communicated to the driver of the vehicle by determining that theactual GPS-derived geographic position of the vehicle is now at or atleast close to the geographic location associated with a particularinstruction. The control is then operable to provide the separate orparticular output instructions to the driver of the vehicle in responseto the actual, then current geographic position of the vehicle matchingor corresponding to or approaching a particular geographic location orwaypoint keyed to or coded to or tagged to or associated with arespective, particular instruction.

Preferably, the output or instructions are provided to the driver of thevehicle in a step-by-step manner, where each individual instruction orstep is provided based on the then current geographic position of thevehicle with respect to the keyed or coded geographic location. Moreparticularly, each particular instruction is provided to the driver bythe control only when the actual geographic position of the vehicle atleast generally corresponds to or matches the particular geographiclocation associated with or linked to the respective, particularinstruction. The particular instruction is thus provided to the driverof the vehicle at the particular time at which the vehicle is positionedat or near a geographic location where the particular instruction ismost useful to the driver of the vehicle.

For example, an initial instruction may be electronically or digitallycoded to the initial geographic position of the vehicle when thedirections/instructions are first requested (e.g., “You are heading Easton First Street”). Each subsequent individual step may be provided inresponse to the control detecting or determining (in response to anoutput of the global positioning system) that the vehicle isapproaching, at or near the next geographic location or waypoint, suchas a turn, location, intersection or the like, at which the next step isto be performed (e.g., the car is approaching and within a predeterminedor threshold distance from Main Street and the next instruction is “TurnLeft on Main Street”), or in response to the control detecting ordetermining (again in response to the global positioning system of thevehicle) that a previous instruction or step has been completed (e.g.,the car has turned left and is now traveling along Main Street and thenext instruction is “Proceed North on Main Street”). The control is thusoperable to provide the next step or instruction only when the drivercan readily understand the instruction and focus on performing thatparticular step. The driver thus does not have to remember all of themultiple steps or turns or street names or exits or the like while alsodriving the vehicle. The driver also thus does not have to remain on theline with the remote service center operator and/or does not have torepeatedly contact the service center to obtain the instructions againif any of the instructions are forgotten, since the local instructionsand/or map have been downloaded to the vehicle.

The telematics system or wireless communication system 18 of the vehiclemay be operable to connect to a corresponding service center or operatoror voice input/recognition system or the like 20 which may provide avariety of information or assistance to the driver of the vehicle inresponse to a vocal message from the driver or other occupant of thevehicle (although the user input may be a keypad input or the like to acomputerized service center or the like, without affecting the scope ofthe present invention). Such a communication system and service centermay be substantially similar to known systems and Centers, such asGeneral Motors' ONSTAR®, Daimler's TELEAID™, Ford's RESCU® or the like,which are common in vehicles today. The communication link may beaccomplished utilizing various linking principles, such as theprinciples disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,420,975;6,278,377; 6,243,003; 6,329,925; 6,428,172; 6,326,613, the disclosuresof which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The driver or occupant of the vehicle may actuate a communication link(such as via a push button or the like at the interior rearview mirroror at a console of the vehicle), and request from the operator, such asvia a voice input, the driving instructions or directions as to how toget to a desired or targeted location or destination. The service centermay receive the initial geographic position of the vehicle (such as inresponse to the global positioning system of the vehicle or from thedriver), and may access a database to obtain the appropriate local mapand/or local directions to the targeted destination. The operator mayeven access the vast data banks available at the service center fordestinations or locations and may provide human interaction to help findthe destination of choice if the driver does not know the exact address.The operator or service center then downloads the local information orstep-by-step or turn-by-turn directions 26 to the control or memory orstorage system 14 of the vehicle 12 in a single download. Optionally, itis envisioned that the service center may download or provide theinformation to the vehicle in real time (which may result in a longeropened communication link between the vehicle and the service center),without affecting the scope of the present invention.

The control 14 is operable to provide the downloaded instructions to thedriver of the vehicle while the vehicle is driven by the driver towardthe targeted destination. The control 14 provides the information ordirections or output 16, such as when/where to turn, how far until theturn, and the direction to travel, to the driver as needed. The controlmay be operable to update the output display or message in real timebased on the current geographic position of the vehicle as the vehicletravels along the given route.

The output or instructions may be provided to the driver by the controlvia an audible message or signal, such as via one or more speakers ofthe vehicle, such as by utilizing principles of audio systems of thetypes disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,243,003;6,278,377; and 6,420,975, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference, or may be provided via a display, such as in a display of aninterior rearview mirror 28, such as a scrolling display of the typedisclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/799,414, filed Mar. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,477,464, which ishereby incorporated herein by reference, or a display on demand typedisplay, such as the types disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos.5,668,663 and 5,724,187, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/054,633, filed Jan. 22, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381; and Ser.No. 09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, theentire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference,or in a display screen or the like at the interior rearview mirrorassembly or elsewhere within the vehicle, without affecting the scope ofthe present invention. Other types of visible displays or locations forsuch visible displays may be utilized, such as at an accessory module orpod or windshield electronic module, an instrument panel of the vehicle,a console of the vehicle and/or the like, without affecting the scope ofthe present invention. The visible display may comprise writteninstructions, icons (such as left and right arrows or the like), or anyother characters or symbols or indicia which convey to the driver of thevehicle when/where to turn and/or which direction to travel in order toarrive at the targeted destination. Optionally, the output may comprisea combination of a visible display and an audible message or signal,without affecting the scope of the present invention.

As indicated above, a variety of means may be utilized to visuallyconvey the direction instructions to the driver of the vehicle. Forexample, and such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/799,414, filed Mar. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,477,464, which ishereby incorporated herein by reference, a text display may be providedand/or an iconistic display may be provided, such as a display readablethrough the interior rearview mirror reflective element itself. In thisregard, use of a display on demand (DOD) type display (such as disclosedin commonly assigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/054,633, filedJan. 22, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, and Ser. No. 09/793,002,filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, and in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,668,663 and 5,724,187, the entire disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference herein), may be preferred. For example, avideo display element or a video display screen or an informationdisplay element can be used (such as an elongatedalphanumeric/multi-pixel/multi-icon display element and/or such as anLCD display or an emitting display element, such as a multi-pixelelectroluminescent display or field emission display or light emittingdiode display (organic or inorganic) or the like) which is disposedwithin the mirror housing of the interior mirror assembly of thevehicle, and located behind the mirror reflective element in the mirrorhousing, and configured so that the information displayed by the displayelement (that is positioned to the rear of the reflector of the mirrorreflective element) is viewable by the driver through the mirrorreflective element. Such a display can be accomplished by partially orwholly removing the reflector in the area of the display or, morepreferably, by providing a display on demand type display, whereby thereflective element comprises a transflective element, as discussedbelow.

Preferably, and such as is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, the videodisplay screen or other visible display element or elements may bedisposed behind the mirror reflective element so that the informationdisplayed is visible by viewing through the mirror reflective element ofthe interior rearview mirror assembly, with the reflective elementpreferably comprising a transflective mirror reflector such that themirror reflective element is significantly transmitting to visible lightincident from its rear (i.e. the portion furthest from the driver in thevehicle), with at least about 15% transmission preferred, at least about20% transmission more preferred, and at least about 25% transmissionmost preferred, while, simultaneously, the mirror reflective element issubstantially reflective to visible light incident from its front (i.e.the position closest to the driver when the interior mirror assembly ismounted in the vehicle), with at least about 60% reflectance preferred,at least about 70% reflectance more preferred, and at least about 75%reflectance most preferred.

Preferably, a transflective electrochromic reflective mirror element isused (such as is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268; and/or inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,668,663 and 5,724,187, the entire disclosures of whichare hereby incorporated by reference herein) that comprises anelectrochromic medium sandwiched between two substrates. With the likesof a TFT LCD video display or a light emitting information displaydisposed behind the rear substrate of a third-surface transflectiveelectrochromic mirror reflective element in a “display-on-demand”configuration (such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/054,633, filed Jan. 22, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, and Ser.No. 09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, whichare hereby incorporated herein by reference), the presence of (and theimage or information displayed by) the video display screen orinformation display is only principally visible to the driver (who viewsthe display through the transflective mirror reflective element) whenthe information display element is powered so as to transmit light fromthe rear of the mirror reflective element through the transflectivemirror reflector to reach the eyes of the driver. Preferably, a singlehigh-intensity power LED, such as a white light emitting LED comprisinga Luxeon™ Star Power LXHL-MW1A white light emitting LED having (at a 25degree Celsius junction temperature) a minimum forward voltage of 2.55volts, a typical forward voltage of 3.42 volts, a maximum forwardvoltage of 3.99 volts, a dynamic resistance of 1 ohm and a forwardcurrent of 350 milliamps, and as available from Lumileds Lighting LLC ofSan Jose, Calif., is used as a backlight for the TFT LCD video screen.Alternately, a plurality of such single high-intensity power LEDs (suchas an array of two or of four such power LEDs) may be placed behind theTFT LCD video screen so that the intense white light projected from theindividual single high-intensity power LEDs passes through the TFT LCDelement and through the transflective electrochromic element, preferablyproducing a display intensity as viewed by the driver of at least about200 candelas/sq. meter; more preferably at least about 300 candelas/sq.meter; and most preferably at least about 400 candelas/sq. meter.Alternately, cold cathode vacuum fluorescent sources/tubes can be usedfor backlighting and optionally can be used in conjunction with LEDbacklighting.

Optionally, and in accordance with incorporated U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 09/793,002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, a reverse-aid rearwardviewing camera can be mounted to the rear of the vehicle in order todisplay to the driver, upon selecting a reverse gear, a field of viewimmediately rearward of the vehicle so as to assist the driver inreversing the vehicle. Such vehicle reverse-aid camera systems aredisclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,642, and in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 09/199,907, filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,610, and inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/313,139, filed May 17, 1999, nowU.S. Pat. No. 6,222,447; Ser. No. 09/776,625, filed Feb. 5, 2001, nowU.S. Pat. No. 6,611,202.

Note that other display locations are possible for display of the videoimage or information display, such as a map and/or a text messagecomprising driving instructions, to the driver or occupant of thevehicle. For example, a video image may be displayed on an LCD videoscreen of flip-down display (such as is disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No.6,690,268, incorporated above), or on a video screen incorporated intothe rearview mirror assembly, such as the type disclosed in U.S.provisional application Ser. No. 60/439,626, filed Jan. 13, 2003; Ser.No. 60/489,812, filed Jul. 24, 2003; and Ser. No. 60/492,225, filed Aug.1, 2003, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Optionally,for example, a video display located in the front instrument panel canbe used, or a video display located in an overhead console (such as anoverhead accessory module or system as described in U.S. provisionalapplication Ser. No. 60/489,812, filed Jul. 24, 2003; and Ser. No.60/492,225, filed Aug. 1, 2003, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference) can be used, without affecting the scope of the presentinvention.

Alternately, as outlined above, a local area map may be downloaded tothe control from the external service provider or service center and thecontrol may be operable (such as by using the principles disclosed inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/054,633, filed Jan. 22, 2002, nowU.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, and Ser. No. 09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001,now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference) to feed such a map to the likes of a thin film transistor(TFT) liquid crystal (LC) video screen or other type of video screen ordisplay element or display system, and with the instructions beingconveyed by alphanumeric characters and/or indicia or the like and/or byhighlighting portions of the map display. Such highlighting may becontrolled by the in-vehicle control or control unit based on actual,current vehicle position information as determined by the in-vehicle orvehicle-based global positioning system. Thus, the vehicle owner neednot buy into or have in the vehicle a full map of all areas to which thevehicle may be driven (such as regional maps or national maps or thelike).

Alternately, a low cost, multi-pixel display (such as the type disclosedin U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/373,932, filed Apr. 19, 2002by McMahon for VEHICLE IMAGING SYSTEM, and in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/418,486, filed Apr. 18, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,005,974,which are hereby incorporated herein by reference), such as a low costmulti-pixel vacuum fluorescent display, a low cost multi-pixel organiclight emitting diode (OLED), a low cost multi-pixel field emissiondisplay, or any other or similar multi-pixel light emitting display orthe like may be utilized, without affecting the scope of the presentinvention. The local area map, with the instructions iconisticallydisplayed thereon, may be displayed on such a multi-pixel display or thelike in response to the control receiving an input or download from thetelematics system and/or the in-vehicle or vehicle-based globalpositioning system.

As disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/054,633, filed Jan.22, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, incorporated above, suitable LEDsfor a light source unit include a white light emitting light emittingdiode, such as described in U.S. provisional application Ser. No.60/263,680, filed Jan. 23, 2001; Ser. No. 60,243,986, filed Oct. 27,2000; Ser. No. 60/238,483, filed Oct. 6, 2000; Ser. No. 60/237,077,filed Sep. 30, 2000; Ser. No. 60/234,412, filed Jul. 21, 2000; Ser. No.60/218,336, filed Jul. 14, 2000; and Ser. No. 60/186,520, filed Mar. 2,2000, and U.S. utility applications entitled VIDEO MIRROR SYSTEMSINCORPORATING AN ACCESSORY MODULE, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat.No. 6,690,268, and REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY WITH UTILITY FUNCTIONS, Ser.No. 09/585,379, filed Jun. 1, 2000, including a thermostable LED, whichemits the same color light even when the temperature varies. Thus,regardless of the interior or exterior temperature of the vehicle and/orof the accessory equipped with the thermostable non-incandescent lightemitting diode source, the same color light is radiated. Such athermostable white light emitting non-incandescent light emitting diodesource can incorporate a trio of red, green, and blue fluorescentmaterials that together create white light when struck by 380 nmwavelength light from a gallium-nitride LED, and is available fromToyoda Gosei Co. and Toshiba Corp of Nagoya, Japan.

One suitable white light emitting diode (LED) that is thermostable isavailable from Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc. of Irvine,Calif., Part No.: TLWA1100. The thermostable white-light LED integratesmultiple colored phosphors and a short peak wavelength (preferably,approximately 380 nanometers (nm) in peak spectral output intensity)light-emitting diode junction in a phosphor-mixed transparent resinpackage to achieve a high luminosity, low power consumption lightsource. Such thermostable LEDs adopt a technological approach differingfrom that used in conventional LEDs. Light emission in the visiblewavelength band is controlled by excited phosphors, not by usingtemperature changes in the LED to achieve a change in color output. Thefact that the LED emission does not directly determine the color bringsadvantages in overall controllability and wavelength stability.Incorporated in vehicular accessories, such as those disclosed above,the thermostable diode achieves improved tonic reproduction and enhancedcolor durability during temperature shifts. Such thermostable LEDsutilize a short wavelength light source by reducing the indium in anindium-doped GaN emission layer. This excites red, green, and blue (RGB)phosphors in the transparent resin of the device package to output whitelight. The RGB balance of the phosphor layer determines the outputcolor, and different colored output can be achieved through modifiedphosphor balance. The emission light from the LED itself does notdirectly contribute to the white color. The phosphors used in the newLED offer excellent performance in terms of operating temperature rangeand color yield. Specifications of such thermostable white LEDs includea compact package (3.2×2.8 millimeter), provided in a Surface MountDevice (SMD). Luminosity is typically about 100 millicandela (mcd) at 20mA and luminous flux/electrical watt is about 4.5-5.0 lumens per watt at20 mA. Correlated color temperature is about 6,500-9,000K. Operatingtemperature is about −40° Celsius-100° Celsius and storage temperatureis about −40°-100° Celsius.

Also, high brightness LEDS are available from Uniroyal TechnologyCorporation of Saratoga, Fla. under the tradename POWER-Ga(I)™ HighBrightness InGaN LEDs which comprise high brightness, high luminousefficiency short wavelength LEDs utilizing a power ring n-Contact and acentralized p-Pad design feature. 450 nm and 470 nm high brightness blueLED die products are available that have a minimum power output of 2milliwatts in die form which, when conventionally packaged, can resultin packaged lamp power levels between 4 and 5 milliwatts. Such LEDscombine indium gallium nitride (InGaN) materials on sapphire substratesin order to produce higher efficiencies. GaN LEDs can be produced byMOCVD epitaxy on Sapphire (aluminum oxide) or can be produced on siliconcarbide substrates. Ultraviolet light emitting LEDs can be produced.

Depending on the application, LEDs emitting a colored light can be used,such as high intensity amber and reddish orange light emitting diodesources, such as solid state light emitting diode LED sources utilizingdouble hydro junction AlGaAs/GaAs Material Technology, such as very highintensity red LED lamps (5 mm) HLMP-4100/4101 available from HewlettPackard Corporation of Palo Alto, Calif., or transparent substratealuminum indium gallium phosphide (AlInGaP) Material Technology,commercially available from Hewlett Packard Corporation of Palo Alto,Calif. Also, blue can be used, or a combination of individual differentcolored diodes, such as red, blue, white, green, amber, orange etc, canbe used with color mixing thereof to form a desired color or to delivera desired local intensity of illumination as noted above. Other suitablewhite emitting light-emitting diodes are available from Nichia ChemicalIndustries of Tokyo, Japan and from Cree Research Inc., of Durham, N.C.For example, a white light emitting diode is available from NichiaChemical Industries of Tokyo, Japan under Model Nos. NSPW 300AS, NSPW500S, NSPW 310AS, NSPW 315AS, NSPW 510S, NSPW 515S and NSPW WF50S, suchas is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,700, filedNov. 24, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,925, and in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/244,726, filed Feb. 5, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No.6,172,613. A variety of constructions are used including GaAsP on GaPsubstrate, gallium aluminum phosphide, indium gallium nitride, and GaNon a SiC substrate. Optionally, a plurality of LEDs such as a cluster oftwo, three, four, six, eight or the like LEDs (each of the same color orthe cluster comprising different colored LEDs) can be used to target andilluminate a local area for higher illumination at that area, such asmay be useful in a map light or as a reading light or as an interiorlight or as an illumination source for an interior vehicle cabin-mountedand monitoring camera (most preferably illuminating the target area withwhite light). Such a cluster of high efficiency LEDs can be mounted atthe mirror mount so as to project an intense pattern of light generallydownwardly into the vehicle cabin for purposes of map reading, generalillumination, courtesy illumination and the like. Also, a cluster ofLED's, preferably including at least one white emitting LED and/or atleast one blue emitting LED, can be mounted in a roof portion, sideportion or any other portion of the vehicle cabin to furnish domelighting, rail lighting, compartment lighting and the like. Use of whiteemitting LEDs is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,590, entitled LIGHTINGDEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, filed Feb. 12, 1999, by Peter Fuerst andHarald Buchalla of Donnelly Hohe Gmbh & Co, KG.

Other suitable LEDs may include high-intensity, high current capabilitylight emitting diodes such as the high-flux power LEDs available fromLumiLeds Lighting, U.S., LLC of San Jose, Calif. under the SunPowerSeries High-Flux LED tradename. Such high-intensity power LEDs comprisea power package allowing high current operation of at least about 100milliamps forward current, more preferably at least about 250 milliampsforward current, and most preferably at least about 350 milliampsforward current through a single LED. Such high current/high-intensitypower LEDs (as high as 500 mA or more current possible, and especiallywith use of heat sinks) are capable of delivering a luminous efficiencyof at least about 1 lumen per watt, more preferably at least about 3lumens per watt, and most preferably at least about 5 lumens per watt.Such high intensity power LEDs are available in blue, green, blue-green,red, amber, yellow and white light emitting forms, as well as othercolors. Such high-intensity LEDs can provide a wide-angle radiationpattern, such as an about 30 degree to an about 160 degree cone. Suchhigh-intensity power LEDs, when normally operating, emit a luminous fluxof at least about 1 lumen, more preferably at least about 5 lumens andmost preferably at least about 10 lumens. For certain applications suchas ground illumination from lighted exterior mirror assemblies andinterior mirror map lights, such high-intensity power LEDs preferablyconduct at least about 250 milliamps forward current when operated at avoltage in the about 2 volts to about 5 volts range, and emit a luminousflux of at least about 10 lumens, more preferably at least about 15lumens and most preferably at least about 25 lumens, preferably emittingwhite light.

For example, the mirror assembly may include circuitry for mirrormounted video cameras, which are used to visually detect the presence ofmoisture on the windshield and actuate windshield wipers accordingly,such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/621,863, filedMar. 25, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,094, or mirror mounted camerasfor vehicle internal cabin monitoring disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,877,897 and 5,760,962, both commonly assigned to Donnelly Corporation,or mirror mounted cameras for rear vision systems as disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,959,367; 5,929,786; 5,949,331; 5,914,815; 5,786,772;5,798,575; 5,670,935; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/304,201,filed May 3, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,409; Ser. No. 09/375,315,filed Aug. 16, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,164; Ser. No. 09/199,907filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,610; Ser. No. 09/361,814,filed Jul. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,642; Ser. No. 09/372,915,filed Aug. 12, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,396,397; Ser. No. 09/300,201,filed May 3, 1999; and Ser. No. 09/313,139, filed May 17, 1999, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,222,447, which are all commonly assigned to DonnellyCorporation of Holland, Mich. Additional features and accessories thatmay be incorporated into the mirror assembly include: a trip computer,an intrusion detector, displays indicating, for example passenger airbag status, including information displays such as a PSIR (PassengerSide Inflatable Restraint) display, an SIR (Side-Airbag InflatableRestraint), compass/temperature display, a tire pressure status displayor other desirable displays and the like, such as those described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/244,726, filed Feb. 5, 1999, nowU.S. Pat. No. 6,172,613. For example, a rearview mirror assembly (or anaccessory module assembly such as a windshield electronics moduleassembly), may include: antennas, including GPS or cellular phoneantennas, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,552; a communicationmodule, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,688; displays such asshown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,240 or in U.S. application Ser. No.09/244,726, filed Feb. 5, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,613; blind spotdetection systems, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,929,786 or5,786,772; transmitters and/or receivers, such as garage door openers, adigital network, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,575; ahigh/low head lamp controller, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,715,093; a memory mirror system, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,796,176; a hands-free phone attachment, a video device for internalcabin surveillance and/or video telephone function, such as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,962 and 5,877,897 and application Ser. No.09/433,467, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,613; a remote keyless entryreceiver; microphones and/or speakers, such as disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No.6,201,642, and Ser. No. 09/199,907, filed Nova 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat.No. 6,717,610; a compass, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,924,212;seat occupancy detector; a trip computer; an ONSTAR System or the like,with all of these referenced patents and applications being commonlyassigned to Donnelly Corporation.

An interior rearview mirror assembly may also include acompass/temperature and a clock display, fuel level display, and othervehicle status and other information displays. The interior rearviewmirror assembly may also include a compass/temperature and a clockdisplay, fuel level display, and other vehicle status and otherinformation displays. Furthermore, information displays may beincorporated which provide information to the driver or occupants of thevehicle, such as warnings relating to the status of the passengerairbag. In commonly assigned application Ser. No. 09/244,726, filed Feb.5, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,613, information displays are providedwhich include information relating to vehicle or engine status, warninginformation, and the like such as information relating to oil pressure,fuel remaining, time, temperature, compass headings for vehicledirection, and the like. The passenger side air bag on/off signal may bederived from various types of seat occupancy detectors such as by videosurveillance of the passenger seat as disclosed in commonly assigned PCTApplication No. PCT/US94/01954, filed Feb. 25, 1994, published Sep. 1,2004 as PCT Publication No. WO/1994/019212, or by ultrasonic or sonardetection, infrared sensing, pyrodetection, weight detection, or thelike. Alternately, enablement/displayment of the passenger side air bagoperation can be controlled manually such as through a user-operatedswitch operated with the ignition key of the vehicle in which the mirrorassembly is mounted as described in commonly assigned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/799,734, filed Feb. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.5,786,772. In addition, the interior rearview mirror assemblies mayinclude electronic and electric devices, including a blind spotdetection system, such as the type disclosed in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/799,734, filed Feb. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,786,772,or rain sensor systems, for example rain sensor systems which includewindshield contacting rain sensors such as described in U.S. Pat. No.4,973,844 or non-windshield contacting rain sensors, such as describedin PCT International Application PCT/US94/05093, published as WO94/27262 on Nov. 24, 1994.

In addition, the mirror assembly (or an accessory module assembly suchas a windshield electronics module assembly) may incorporate one or morevideo screens or video display assemblies, such as disclosed in U.S.provisional application Ser. No. 60/263,680, filed Jan. 23, 2001; Ser.No. 60/243,986, filed Oct. 27, 2000; Ser. No. 60/238,483, filed Oct. 6,2000; Ser. No. 60/237,077, filed Sep. 29, 2000; Ser. No. 60/234,412,filed Sep. 21, 2000; Ser. No. 60/218,336, filed Jul. 14, 2000; and Ser.No. 60/186,520, filed Mar. 2, 2000, all commonly assigned to DonnellyCorp. of Holland, Mich.

The video screen may be used for a baby minder system, such as thevehicle interior monitoring system described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,877,897and 5,760,962 or the rear vision system described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No.6,201,642, and Ser. No. 09/199,907, filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat.No. 6,717,610, and Ser. No. 09/433,467, filed Nov. 4, 1999, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,326,613. An interior surveillance system permits the driverof the vehicle to observe behavior or the activities of babies orchildren or other passengers seated in the rear seat. This is especiallyadvantageous when the child or baby is in a rearward facing car seat,where the child or baby would ordinarily not be visible to the driverwhile driving. For example, a camera, such as a CMOS or CCD camera, canbe mounted to view the rear seat area of the vehicle so that the drivercan view what is occurring, such as in a rear seat mounted baby seat orwith a rear seat passenger, such as children. Preferably, to enableviewing of the rear seat occupant or occupants even by night, the targetfield of view of the camera may be illuminated in a manner that providesadequate visibility for the camera to discern what is occurring in therear seat in a darkened vehicle cabin but not illuminating in a mannerthat causes glare, distraction, and/or discomfort to any vehicleoccupants, including the driver and/or rear seat passengers. Forexample, such a rear seat monitoring camera illumination is preferablyachieved using directed low level non-incandescent light sources, suchas light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light emitting material,electroluminescent sources (both organic and inorganic), and the like,and most preferably such non-incandescent sources are low power and aredirected low intensity sources, such as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,938,321 and application Ser. No. 09/287,926, filed Apr. 7, 1999, nowU.S. Pat. No. 6,139,172. The baby minder camera may be mounted as a partof the rearview mirror assembly and, most preferably, may be mounted asa part of a roof area of the interior vehicle cabin such as a header,including a front header of a roof or a rear header or a header consoleof a roof. It may be desirable to mount a baby minder camera to the rearheader of a roof when it is desirable to view rear facing child supportseats. Most preferably, a plurality of at least two, more preferably atleast four, and most preferably at least six LEDs (or similar low level,directed, low-current light sources such as electroluminescent sourcesand organic light emitting sources) are mounted with a camera(preferably, such as to form a ring around the camera) with the lightprojected from the individual LEDs directed to be coincident with thecamera field of view and to illuminate the target area desired to beviewed. The LEDs being directed low level sources will not glare orcause discomfort to occupants when illuminated. Further, cameraillumination sources can be illuminated whenever the ignition switch ison to operate the vehicle or at least when the ignition switch is placedin an “accessory on” position so that both the camera and illuminationlights are operating on vehicle battery power even when parked.Alternately, the illumination lights can be operational only when thebaby minder camera is selected to be operational. While it is preferredto use non-incandescent lights, incandescent light sources can be used,most preferably high intensity, low current incandescent light sources.For example, when the camera is activated to view the rear seat or toview a baby seat or the like, the dome light in the vehicle, whichtypically comprises an incandescent light source, can illuminate so thatthe rear seat area is illuminated to assist visibility for the camera. Acircuit or other device can be provided that illuminates the dome light(or a similar rear seat-illuminating interior light source, such as arail lamp or the like) whenever the camera is selected to view the rearseat. Optionally, the dome light or similar interior light within theinterior cabin, once caused to illuminate when the camera is activated,can cease to illuminate after a determined time interval (such as 5seconds or ten seconds or longer) under the control of a timeout circuitor device. By providing a timeout, the driver can selectively view thestatus of passengers in the rear seat of the vehicle by selecting ababy-minder camera or similar rear seat viewing function (such as byvoice command, user-operated switch or the like). Upon selection of thecamera function, whatever is being viewed on the video screen in thevehicle may be interrupted (or superimposed over or the like), theinterior light in the cabin (such as the dome light) will illuminate, atimeout will initiate, and the driver (or other front-seat occupant) canview the rear seat status for the duration of the timeout. Once thetimeout elapses, the interior light ceases to illuminate, andpreferably, the camera ceases to be activated and the video screenreverts to its pre-event status. Optionally, a reverse-aid rearwardviewing camera can be mounted to the rear of the vehicle in order todisplay to the driver, upon selecting a reverse gear, a field of viewimmediately rearward of the vehicle so as to assist the driver inreversing the vehicle. Such vehicle reverse-aid camera systems aredisclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,642, and in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 09/199,907, filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,610, and inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/313,139, filed May 17, 1999, nowU.S. Pat. No. 6,222,447.

Light emitting sources, such as light emitting diodes, can be used toprovide lighting for any camera that feeds an image to themirror-mounted video screen (or feeds an image to an accessory moduleassembly such as a windshield electronics module assembly). Lightemitting diodes can be used to provide illumination in various colors,such as white, amber, yellow, green, orange red, blue, or theircombination, or the like, may be used. Alternately, other light emittingelements can be used to provide illumination for any camera that feedsan image to the mirror-mounted video screen, such as incandescentsources, fluorescent sources, including cold-cathode fluorescentsources, electroluminescent sources (both organic and inorganic), suchas described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,938,321, and application Ser. No.09/287,926, filed Apr. 7, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,172, and in suchas is disclosed in co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/466,010, filed Dec. 17, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,975, and inco-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/449,121, filed Nov. 24,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,172, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/585,379, filed Jun. 1, 2000, entitled REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY WITHUTILITY FUNCTIONS.

The mirror-mounted video screen can display the output from a rearvision back-up camera, such as disclosed in application Ser. No.09/199,907, filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,610, and Ser.No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,642,commonly assigned to Donnelly Corporation, along with vehicle instrumentstatus, such as a vehicle information display, such as informationrelating to fuel gauge levels, speed, climate control setting, GPSdirectional instructions, tire pressure status, instrument and vehiclefunction status, and the like.

Also, and especially for a mirror assembly incorporating a video screenthat is incorporated as part of an interior electro-optic (such aselectrochromic) mirror assembly, a common circuit board and/or commonelectronic components and sub-circuitry can be utilized to control theelectro-optic activity of the reflective element and to control theimage displayed by the video screen, thus achieving economy of designand function, and for operating other electrical or electronic functionssupported in the interior rearview assembly. For example, a circuitboard of the interior mirror assembly may support, for example, lightemitting diodes (LEDs) for illuminating indicia on display elementsprovided on a chin or eyebrow portion of the bezel region of theinterior mirror casing. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,671,996and 5,820,245. It should be understood that one or more of these buttonsor displays may be located elsewhere on the mirror assembly orseparately in a module, for example of the type disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/244,726, filed by DeLine et al., now U.S. Pat.No. 6,172,613, which is assigned to Donnelly Corporation of Holland,Mich., and may comprise the touch-sensitive displays as disclosed inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/192,721, filed Mar. 27, 2000. Notethat button inputs can be provided along the lower bezel region of theinterior mirror assembly such that, when actuated, a display appearswithin the mirror reflector region of the mirror reflective element.Preferably, the display appears local to the physical location of theparticular button accessed by the driver or vehicle occupant (typically,immediately above it) so that the person accessing the mirror associatesthe appearance and information of the display called up by thatindividual button with the user's actuation of the button. Multipleactuations of that button can cause the display to scroll throughvarious menu items/data displays, allowing the user to access a widerange of information. The button and associated circuitry can be adaptedto recognize when a particular menu item is desired selected (such asholding down a particular input button for longer than a prescribedperiod, for example longer than about 1 second or longer than about 2seconds or the like; if the button is held down for less than theprescribed period, the display scrolls to the next menu item).Preferably, whatever information is being displayed is displayed by asubstantially reflecting and substantially transmittingreflective/transmissive reflector of the mirror reflective element suchas the display on demand constructions disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,724,187. Also, these features can be provided for a non-mirror videodisplay.

Optionally, one or more of the cameras of the vehicle may be equippedwith infrared LED light emitting sources, such as are disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/025,712, filed Feb. 18, 1998, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,087,953, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/244,726,filed Feb. 5, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,613, and in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/561,023, filed Apr. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No.6,553,308, and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/466,010, filedDec. 17, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,975, in order to light up an areain or around the vehicle when it is dark. When an intrusion detectorsuch as a motion detector (preferably a pyrodetector-based intrusiondetection system such as is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/901,929, filed Jul. 29, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.6,166,625, and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/516,831, filed Mar. 1, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,390,529, and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/275,565, filed Mar. 24, 1999, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,086,131) is triggered by, for example, someone attempting tobreak into the vehicle or steal the vehicle, the vehicle-based securitysystem triggers images captured by the vehicular camera(s) to bedownloaded to the telemetry system which then forwards by wirelesstelecommunication (such as by radio frequency or by microwavetransmission) the images (or a security alert signal derived from anin-vehicle image analysis of the captured images) to a security service,a mobile device in the possession of the driver of the vehicle whenhe/she is remote from the parked vehicle (such as a key-fob or a PalmPilot™ PDA), the cell phone of the vehicle owner, the home computer ofthe vehicle owner or the police or the like that is remote and distantfrom the vehicle where the security condition is being detected.Preferably, the in-vehicle camera-based security system silently andsecretly records the events occurring in and/or around the vehicle whileit is operating (such as when idling in traffic or moving on a highwayor stopped at a traffic light) and provides a “black box” recording ofactivities in the interior of the vehicle or exterior of the vehicle.For example, the security system may be used to record or documentvehicle status including speed, brake activation, vehicle control statussignals (for example, whether the turn signal has been actuated, vehicletraction, tire pressures, yaw and roll, geographic location, time anddate) and other vehicle information as well as record visual imagesdetected by the cameras. In an accident, such vehicleperformance/function data in combination with a visual recording of theinterior and/or exterior vehicular scene (and optionally, a microphonerecording of sounds/voices interior and/or exterior to the vehicle) canhelp insurance and police investigators establish the causes andconditions of an accident. The camera-based vehicle performance/functionrecording system of the vehicle preferably records data onto a recordingmedium (such as onto electronic memory or onto digital recording tape)that is rugged and protected from the consequences of an accident so asto survive the impact forces, shocks, fires and other events possible inan automobile accident. Preferably, any electronic memory utilized isnon-volatile memory that is non-erasing in the event of electrical powerloss in the vehicle. For example, the camera-based in-vehicle securitysystem may include an electronic memory recording medium and/or a videotape (preferably a digital) recording medium so that a pre-determinedperiod of operation of the vehicle, such as up to the last about 1minute of vehicle operation, more preferably up to the last about 5minutes of vehicle operation, most preferably up to the last about 15minutes of vehicle operation, or even greater, is continuously recorded(such as on a closed-loop tape or electronic recording that continuallyrecords the most recent events inside and/or outside the roadtransportation vehicle). The camera-based in-vehicle security system canmaintain the stored images and/or vehicle data in the vehicle fordownloading when desired such as after an accident. Alternately, thecamera-based in-vehicle security system can transmit the images and/orvehicle data by wireless communication to a remote receiver such as areceiver distant and remote from the vehicle (such as at a securitysystem or a telematic service such as ONSTAR™ or RESCU™ or at thevehicle owners home or at a car rental center). This can occurcontinuously while the vehicle is being operated, so that in the eventan accident occurs, retrieval and analysis of the recorded informationis not impeded such as by damage or even loss of the vehicle in theaccident. Also, the remote receiver of the information can alertauthorities (such as a police, fire and/or ambulance service) of anaccident immediately when such accident occurs (and thus potentiallyspeed aid to any accident victims and/or dispatch the correct medicalaid for the type of accident/injuries recorded by the camera(s)). Therecorded information can include the gear in which the driver isoperating the vehicle, the activation of the brakes, the speed at whichthe driver is traveling, the rate of acceleration/deceleration, thetime, date and geographic location, the atmospheric conditions includinglighting conditions—basically, the system can record what happenedduring a collision whereby the system provides an informationrecordation function. For example, when the system is used to record anaccident when the vehicle is operating, the cameras may record scenes,vehicle instrument/function status, or the like which are kept on a tapeor non-volatile electronic, solid-state memory, for example a continuousloop tape or electronic memory. Alternately, this information can becontinuously transmitted or downloaded. For example, the information canbe downloaded in response to a selected stimuli or trigger, such as whenthe brakes are activated, the air bag or bags are activated, when thehorn is operated, or when the car de-accelerates, or the like. Forexample, the system may use accelerometers such as disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/440,497, filed Nov. 15, 1999, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,411,204, and, furthermore, may be combined with thedeceleration based anti-collision safety light control system describedin the aforementioned application. This information recordation functioncan be used, as noted above, to record both interior activities andexterior activities and, therefore, can be used as noted above as asecurity system as well. When the system is used as a security system,the telemetry system may contact the security base who in turn canscroll through the camera images to determine whether the alarm is atrue or false alarm. In this manner, various existing systems that areprovided in the vehicle may be optionally used individually to provideone or more functions or collectively to provide even further orenhanced functions.

Examples of camera locations where vehicular cameras included in avehicular camera-based accident recording system can be located includeinterior and exterior mirror assembly locations, roof areas such as aheadliner or header console, front, side and rear exterior body areassuch as front grilles, rear doors/trunk areas, side doors, side panels,door handles, CHMSL units, interior body pillars (such as an A-, B- orC-interior pillar) and seat backs, and such as are disclosed in commonlyassigned U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/187,961, filed Mar. 9,2000; Ser. No. 60/192,721, filed Mar. 27, 2000; and Ser. No. 60/186,520,filed Mar. 1, 2000; and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,877,897; 5,760,962;5,959,367; 5,929,786; 5,949,331; 5,914,815; 5,786,772; 5,798,575; and5,670,935; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/304,201, filed May 3,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,886; Ser. No. 09/375,315, filed Aug. 16,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,164; Ser. No. 09/199,907, filed Nov. 25,1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,610; Ser. No. 09/361,814, filed Jul. 27,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,201,642; Ser. No. 09/372,915, filed Aug. 12,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,396,397; Ser. No. 09/304,201, filed May 3,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,409; and Ser. No. 09/313,139, filed May17, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,447, which are all commonly assignedto Donnelly Corporation of Holland, Mich. For example, a camera,preferably a solid-state CMOS video camera, can be located within theinterior cabin of the vehicle (and preferably located at, on or withinthe interior rearview mirror assembly or at or in an A-pillar), andadapted to capture a surveillance image of the front and rear occupantsof the vehicle. In this regard, locating the interior cabin surveillancecamera at, on or within the interior rearview mirror assembly ispreferred as this location provides the camera with a good rearwardfield of view that captures an image of all front and rear seatoccupants. Preferably, the vehicle is also equipped with the in-vehicleportion of a wireless communication telematic system such as an ONSTAR™or RESCU™ system, and the geographic location of the vehicle can also beestablished by a navigational system, such as an in-vehicle GPS system.Images of the interior vehicle cabin (including images of the variousvehicle occupants) can be captured by the in-vehicle image capturedevice, preferably an interior mirror-mounted video camera, and thisinformation, in conjunction with the geographic location of the vehicleprovided by a position locator such as a GPS system, along with variousvehicle information/function data such as the state of activation of anyair bag in the vehicle, can be communicated by wirelesstelecommunication to an external service remote from the vehicle such asan ONSTAR™ or RESCU™ service. Such communication can be periodic (suchas when the ignition is first turned on during a particular trip, orinitially when the ignition is first turned on and intermittentlythereafter, such as every about 1 minute or so) or continuous duringoperation of the vehicle with its engine turned on. Should the receiverat the remote service be alerted that an accident has occurred (such asby receiving from the vehicle via wireless telematic communication anaccident alert signal indicative that an air bag has activated), theremote receiver (which can be an ONSTAR™ operator or an automaticcomputer-based image analyzer or an emergency service such as a “911”service provider) can count, via the video imaged relayed from thevehicle, the number of occupants in the vehicle and can accordinglyalert emergency services as to the location of the accident and thenumber of victims involved (thus ensuring that the appropriate numberof, for example, ambulances are dispatched to deal with the actualnumber of potential victims in the vehicle at the time of the crash).Optionally, the owner/driver of the vehicle can register/notify theremote telematic service of any special medical needs, blood types andthe likes of the likely driver(s) and/or likely occupants (such asfamily members) along with any next-of-kin information, insurancecoverage and the like so that, in the event the like of an ONSTAR™ orRESCU™ telematic service or telematically-linked “911” emergencyresponse service determines an accident has occurred, medical andemergency relief specific to the likely/actual occupants of the vehiclecan be dispatched. Likewise, should an in-vehicle fire be detected suchas by visual determination via image analysis of video imagestelematically transmitted and/or by an in-vehicle temperature probetransmitting data telematically, then the fire brigade can beautomatically sent to the crash site and/or an in-vehicle fire,extinguisher can be activated to put out any fire (either by remote,wireless activation by the telematic service of the in-vehicle fireextinguisher or by automatic in-vehicle image analysis of the imagerecorded by an interior or exterior camera of the vehicle that, uponin-vehicle image analysis determining that a fire has occurred in thevehicle, causes a vehicular on-board fire extinguisher to actuate to putout the fire). Also, either remotely or via in-vehicle image analysis,the engine of the vehicle can be turned off after an accident has beendetected via the vehicular camera system.

A variety of other electrical and electronic features can beincorporated into the assemblies, such as those disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/433,467, filed Nov. 4, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No.6,326,613, commonly assigned to Donnelly Corporation. For example, amicrophone or a plurality of microphones may be incorporated, preferablyto provide hands-free input to a wireless telecommunication system suchas the ONSTAR™ system in use in General Motors vehicles. Mostpreferably, such microphones provide input to an audio system thattransmits and communicates wirelessly with a remote transceiver,preferably in voice recognition mode. Such systems are described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/382,720, filed Aug. 25, 1999, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,243,003.

In this regard it may be desirable to use audio processing techniques,such as digital sound processing, to ensure that vocal inputs to thevehicular audio system are clearly distinguished from cabin ambientnoise such as from wind noise, HVAC, and the like. Digital soundprocessing techniques, as known in the acoustics arts and such as aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,959,865, entitled A METHOD FOR INDICATINGTHE PRESENCE OF SPEECH IN AN AUDIO SIGNAL, issued Sep. 25, 1990, toStettiner et al., are particularly useful to enhance clarity of vocalsignal detection when a single microphone is used, located in theinterior mirror assembly such as in the mirror casing that houses theinterior mirror reflective element, as part of a vehicular wirelesscommunication system such as General Motors' ONSTAR™ system. Use ofdigital signal processing and a single mirror-mounted microphone (suchas is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/396,179, filedSep. 14, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,377) is particularly advantageousfor economical achievement of clear and error-free transmission from thevehicle, while operating along a highway, to a remote receiver,particularly in speech-recognition mode. Although advantageous with asingle minor-mounted microphone (or for a microphone mounted elsewherein the vehicle cabin such as in the header region or in an accessorymodule assembly such as a windshield electronics module assembly),digital sound processing is also beneficial when multiple microphonesare used, and preferably when at least two and more preferably at leastfour microphones are used.

As previously described, connection and communication between the videodisplays and/or the cameras and/or other electronic accessories can beby wired connection (including multi-element cables, wired multiplexlinks and fiber-optic cables) and/or by wirelessconnection/communication (such as by infrared communication and/or byradio frequency communication such as via BLUETOOTH, described below).

For example, the video displays may include a display of the speed limitapplicable to the location where the vehicle is travelling.Conventionally, speed limits are posted as a fixed limit (for example,45 MPH) that is read by the vehicle driver upon passing a sign. As animprovement to this, an information display (preferably analphanumerical display and, more preferably, a reconfigurable display)can be provided within the vehicle cabin, and preferably displayed by avideo display, and readable by the driver, that displays the speed limitat whatever location on the road/highway the vehicle actually is at anymoment. For example, existing speed limit signs could be enhanced toinclude a transmitter that broadcasts a local speed limit signal, suchsignal being received by an in-vehicle receiver and displayed to thedriver. The speed limit signal can be transmitted by a variety ofwireless transmission methods, such as radio transmission, and suchsystems can benefit from wireless transmission protocols and standards,such as the BLUETOOTH low-cost, low-power radio based cable replacementor wireless link based on short-range radio-based technology. BLUETOOTHenables creation of a short-range (typically 30 feet or so althoughlonger and shorter ranges are possible), wireless personal area networkvia small radio transmitters built into various devices. For example,transmission can be on a 2.45 gigahertz band, moving data at about 721kilobits per second, or faster. BLUETOOTH, and similar systems, allowcreation of an in-vehicle area network. Conventionally, features andaccessories in the vehicle are wired together. Thus, for example, aninterior electrochromic mirror and an exterior electrochromic mirror isconnected by at least one wire in order to transmit control signal andthe like. With BLUETOOTH and similar systems such as the IEEE 802.11aprotocol which is a wireless local area network standard that preferablyuses a 5 GigaHertz frequency band and with a data transfer rate of atleast about 10 Mb/sec and more preferably at least about 30 Mb/sec,control commands can be broadcast between the interior mirror and theexterior mirror (and vice versa) or between a camera capturing an imagein a horse box (or any other towed trailer) being towed by a vehicle anda video display located at the windshield or at the interior rearviewmirror or at or adjacent to an A-pillar of that vehicle that is viewableby the vehicle driver without the need for physical wiringinterconnecting the two. Likewise, for example, the two exterior mirrorassemblies on the vehicle can exchange, transmit and/or receive controlcommands/signals (such as of memory position or the like such as isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,575) via an in-vehicle short-rangeradio local network such as BLUETOOTH. Similarly, tire pressure sensorsin the wheels can transmit via BLUETOOTH to a receiver in the interiormirror assembly, and tire pressure status (such as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/513,941, filed Feb. 28, 2000, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,294,989) can be displayed, preferably at the interiorrearview mirror. In the case of the dynamic speed limit system describedabove, preferably, the in-vehicle receiver is located at and/or thedisplay of local speed limit is displayed at the interior mirrorassembly (for example, a speed limit display can be located in a chin oreyebrow portion of the mirror case, such as in the mirror reflectoritself, or such as in a pod attached to the interior mirror assembly),or can be displayed on any video display. More preferably, the actualspeed of the vehicle can be displayed simultaneously with and beside thelocal speed limit in-vehicle display and/or the difference or excessthereto can be displayed. Optionally, the wireless-based speed limittransmission system can actually control the speed at which a subjectvehicle travels in a certain location (such as by controlling an enginegovernor or the like) and thereby provide a vehicle speed controlfunction. Thus, for example, a school zone speed limit can be enforcedby transmission of a speed-limiting signal into the vehicle. Likewise,different classes of vehicles can be set for different speed limits forthe same stretch of highway. The system may also require driveridentification and then set individual speed limits for individualdrivers reflecting their skill level, age, driving record and the like.Moreover, a global positioning system (GPS) can be used to locate aspecific vehicle, calculate its velocity on the highway, verify what theallowed speed limit is at that specific moment on that specific stretchof highway, transmit that specific speed limit to the vehicle fordisplay (preferably at the interior rearview mirror that the driverconstantly looks at as part of the driving task) and optionally alertthe driver or retard the driver's ability to exceed the speed limit asdeemed appropriate. A short-range, local communication system such asenvisaged in the BLUETOOTH protocol finds broad utility in vehicularapplications, and particularly where information is to be displayed atthe interior mirror assembly or on a video display, or where amicrophone or user-interface (such as buttons to connect/interact with aremote wireless receiver) is to be located at the interior (or exterior)rearview mirror assembly. For example, a train approaching a railwaycrossing may transmit a wireless signal such as a radio signal (usingthe BLUETOOTH protocol or another protocol) and that signal may bereceived by and/or displayed at the interior rearview mirror assembly(or the exterior side view mirror assembly) or a video display. Also,the interior rearview mirror and/or the exterior side view mirrorsand/or any video display can function as transceivers/displaylocations/interface locations for intelligent vehicle highway systems,using protocols such as the BLUETOOTH protocol. Protocols such asBLUETOOTH and the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network standard thatpreferably uses a 5 GigaHertz frequency band and with a data transferrate of at least about 10 Mb/sec and more preferably at least about 30Mb/sec, as known in the telecommunications art, can facilitatevoice/data, voice over data, digital and analog communication andvehicle/external wireless connectivity, preferably using the interiorand/or exterior mirror assemblies astransceiver/display/user-interaction sites. Electronic accessories toachieve the above can be accommodated in any of the video displays/videominors/camera assemblies, and/or in the interior mirror assembly (suchas in the housing disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/433,467, filed Nov. 4, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,613).

Furthermore, information displays may be incorporated which provideinformation to the driver or occupants of the vehicle, such as warningsrelating to the status of the passenger airbag or a train approachingwarning. Such a train approaching warning system alerts the driver ofthe vehicle of the eminent arrival of a train at a railroad crossing.Such a warning system can activate audible and/or visual alarms in thevehicle if a train is approaching. Such train warning displays mayoverride any existing displays so that the driver is fully alert to anypotential hazard. One suitable train control system is described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/561,023, filed Apr. 28, 2000, now U.S.Pat. No. 6,553,308. Vehicle to road-side communication antennas can beattached to railroad signs, crossing barriers, and the like and cantransmit to antennas mounted in the vehicle located such as within theinterior rearview mirror of the vehicle or within an interior cabin trimitem or side exterior rearview mirror assembly. One such track sidecommunication system is available from Dynamic Vehicle Safety Systems ofAmarillo, Tex., which detects signals from trains approaching a crossingand transmits these signals along the road to forewarn of a railroadcrossing ahead.

In commonly assigned application Ser. No. 09/244,726, filed Feb. 5,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,613, information displays are providedwhich include information relating to vehicle or engine status, warninginformation, and the like such as information relating to oil pressure,fuel remaining, time, temperature, compass headings for vehicledirection, and the like. The passenger side air bag on/off signal may bederived from various types of seat occupancy detectors such as by videosurveillance of the passenger seat as disclosed in commonly assigned PCTApplication No. PCT/US94/01954, filed Feb. 25, 1994, published Sep. 1,2004 as PCT Publication No. WO/1994/019212, or by ultrasonic or sonardetection, infrared sensing, pyrodetection, weight detection, or thelike. Alternately, enablement/displayment of the passenger side air bagoperation can be controlled manually such as through a user operatedswitch operated with the ignition key of the vehicle in which theassembly is mounted as described in commonly assigned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/799,734, filed Feb. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.5,786,772.

In addition, the interior rearview mirror assembly may include a blindspot detection system, such as the type disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 08/799,734, filed Feb. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.5,786,772, or rain sensor systems, for example rain sensor systems whichinclude windshield contacting rain sensors, such as described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,973,844 or non-windshield contacting rain sensors, such asdescribed in PCT International Application PCT/US94/05093, published asWO 94/27262 on Nov. 24, 1994.

The interior rearview mirror assembly may also incorporate one or moreuser actuatable buttons or the like for activating the variousaccessories housed in the assembly, for example an ONSTAR system,HOMELINK® system, a remote transaction system, or the like. For example,one or more user actuatable buttons may be mounted at the chin area oreyebrow area for actuating, for example a video screen, or for selectingor scrolling between displays or for activating, for example, a light,including a map light which may be incorporated into the mirror casing.Furthermore, a dimming switch may be incorporated into the casing toprovide adjustment to the brightness of the video screen.

Also, a single high-intensity power LED may comprise a single LED lightsource in a compact package or as an individual chip or circuit element(and with a diagonal size less than about 14 mm diagonal cross-sectionaldimension when viewed from the light emitting side; more preferably lessthan about 8 mm; and most preferably, less than about 5 mm) thatilluminates to emit a light beam when (powered at about 25 degreesCelsius or thereabouts) at least about 100 milliamps passes (i.e.,conducts) through the LED element (more preferably when at least about225 milliamps passes through the LED element and most preferably when atleast 300 milliamps passes through the LED element), and with a luminousefficiency of at least about 1 lumen/watt, more preferably at leastabout 3 lumens/watt, and most preferably at least about 7 lumens/watt.Such high-intensity power LEDs, when normally operating, emit a luminousflux of at least about 1 lumen, more preferably at least about 5 lumensand most preferably at least about 10 lumens. For certain applicationssuch as ground illumination from lighted exterior mirror assemblies andinterior mirror map lights, such high-intensity LEDs preferably conductat least about 250 milliamps forward current when operated at a voltagein the about 2 volts to about 5 volts range, and emit a luminous flux ofat least about 10 lumens, more preferably at least about 15 lumens, evenmore preferably at least about 20 lumens, and most preferably at leastabout 25 lumens, preferably emitting white light.

Single high-intensity power LEDs suitable to use include high-intensity,high-current capability light emitting diodes such as the high-flux LEDsavailable from LumiLeds Lighting, U.S., LLC of San Jose, Calif. underthe SunPower Series High-Flux LED tradename. Such high-intensity powerLEDs comprise a power package allowing high-current operation of atleast about 100 milliamps forward current, more preferably at leastabout 250 milliamps forward current, and most preferably at least about350 milliamps forward current, through a single LED. Suchhigh-current/high-intensity power LEDs (as high as 500 mA or morecurrent possible, and especially with use of heat sinks) are capable ofdelivering a luminous efficiency of at least about 1 lumen per watt,more preferably at least about 3 lumens per watt, and most preferably atleast about 5 lumens per watt. Such high-intensity LEDs are available inblue, green, blue-green, red, amber, yellow and white light emittingforms, as well as other colors. Such high-intensity LEDs can provide awide-angle radiation pattern, such as an about 30 degree to an about 160degree cone. Typically, such high-intensity LEDs are fabricated usingIndium Gallium Nitride technology. To assist heat dissipation andmaintain the LED junction below about 130° Celsius (and more preferablybelow about 100° Celsius and most preferably below about 70° Celsius), aheat sink can be used. Preferably, such a heat sink comprises a metalheat dissipater (such as an aluminum metal heat sink) with a surfacearea dissipating heat of at least about 1 square inch, more preferablyof at least about 2.5 square inches, and most preferably of at leastabout 3.5 square inches. When used as, for example, a map light assemblymounted in an interior rearview mirror assembly (such as in the mirrorhousing or in a pod attaching to the mirror mount to the vehicle), asingle high-intensity power LED (for example, a single white lightemitting LED passing about 350 mA and emitting light, and preferablywhite light or any other color, with a luminous efficiency of at leastabout 3 lumens per watt, and with a light pattern of about 120° or so)can be combined with a reflector element and a lens to form ahigh-intensity power LED interior light module capable of directing anintense light beam of light from an interior mirror assembly mounted toa windshield or header region of the vehicle to the lap area of a driveror a front-seat passenger in order to allow a reading function such as amap reading function and/or to provide courtesy or theatre lightingwithin the vehicle cabin. Also, a single high-intensity power LED (forexample, a single white light emitting LED or a red light emitting orany other colored light emitting diode passing about 350 mA and emittinglight, preferably white light or any other color, with a luminousefficiency of at least about 3 lumens per watt, and with a light patternof about 120° or so) can be combined with a reflector element and a lensto form a high-intensity LED security light module capable of directingan intense light beam of light (or any other color) from an exteriormirror assembly to illuminate the ground adjacent an entry door of thevehicle in order to provide a security lighting function. Also, a singlehigh-intensity power LED (for example, a single white light emitting LEDor a red light emitting or any other colored light emitting diodepassing about 350 mA and emitting white light with a luminous efficiencyof at least about 3 lumens per watt, and with a light pattern of about120° or so) can be combined with a reflector element and a lens (andoptionally with high-intensity and/or conventional near-IR lightemitting diodes), and be used in conjunction with a reversing or forwardparking camera mounted on the exterior of a vehicle (such as at alicense plate holder) in order to provide illumination for the, forexample, reverse-aid camera when reversing at night.

For applications such as ground illumination from exterior mirrorassemblies and map/reading lighting from interior mirror assemblies orfrom windshield-mounted accessory modules such as windshield electronicmodules or for ground illumination/camera-field-of-view illumination inassociation with video-based reverse-aids systems or park-aid systems ortow hitch-aid systems, it is preferable to use a single high-intensitypower LED source having a luminous efficiency of at least about 7lumens/watt; more preferably at least about 15 lumens/watt; and mostpreferably at least about 20 lumens/watt, with such single highefficiency power LED light source preferably being provided in a modulethat includes a heat sink/heat dissipater and most preferably, thatfurther includes a power regulator such as a series power resistor andmost preferably, a DC to DC voltage converter. Such high efficiencypower LEDs are available from LumiLeds Lighting, U.S., LLC of San Jose,Calif. under the SunPower Series High-Flux LED tradename, for example.

Also, a video display element or screen can be used (such as an LCDdisplay or an emitting display element such as a multi-pixelelectroluminescent display or field emission display or light emittingdiode display (organic or inorganic)) disposed within the mirror housingof the interior mirror assembly of the vehicle, and located behind themirror reflective element in the mirror housing, and configured so thatthe image displayed by the video display element is visible to thedriver by viewing through the mirror reflective element. Preferably, andsuch as is disclosed in U.S. utility patent application Ser. No.09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, the mirrorreflective element (behind which the video display screen is disposed sothat the image displayed is visible by viewing through the mirrorreflective element) of the interior mirror assembly preferably comprisesa transflective mirror reflector such that the mirror reflective elementis significantly transmitting to visible light incident from its rear(i.e. the portion furthest from the driver in the vehicle), with atleast about 15% transmission preferred, at least about 20% transmissionmore preferred and at least about 25% transmission most preferred, whilesimultaneously, the mirror reflective element is substantiallyreflective to visible light incident from its front (i.e. the positionclosest to the driver when the interior mirror assembly is mounted inthe vehicle), with at least about 60% reflectance preferred, at leastabout 70% reflectance more preferred and at least about 75% reflectancemost preferred. Preferably a transflective electrochromic reflectivemirror element is used (such as is disclosed in U.S. utility patentapplication Ser. No. 09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No.6,690,268, and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,668,663; 5,724,187) that comprises anelectrochromic medium sandwiched between two substrates. The front (i.e.closest to the driver when the interior mirror assembly is mounted inthe vehicle) substrate preferably comprises a glass substrate having atransparent electronic conductive coating (such as indium tin oxide ordoped tin oxide) on its inner surface (and contacting the electrochromicmedium). More preferably, the front substrate of the twin-substrateelectrochromic cell that sandwiches the electrochromic medium comprisesa glass substrate having a thickness of about 1.6 millimeters or less;most preferably, about 1.1 millimeters or less. The rear (i.e. furthestfrom the driver when the interior mirror assembly is mounted in thevehicle) substrate preferably comprises a glass substrate having atransflective mirror reflector on the surface thereof that theelectrochromic medium contacts (such a configuration being referred toas a “third-surface” reflector in the electrochromic mirror art). Forexample, the mirror reflector can comprise a transparentsemiconductor/metal conductor/transparent semiconductor multilayer stacksuch an indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide stack (for example, athird-surface electrochromic mirror reflective element can be usedcomprising a front substrate comprising an about 1.1 mm thick glasssubstrate having a half-wave ITO coating of about 12 ohms/square sheetresistance on its inner surface; a rear substrate comprising an about1.6 mm thick glass substrate having a transflective mirror reflectorthereon comprising an about 350 angstrom thick silver metal layersandwiched between an about 800 angstrom thick indium thin oxidetransparent semiconductor layer and another about 800 angstrom thickindium thin oxide transparent semiconductor layer; and with anelectrochromic solid polymer matrix medium such as is disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,245,262 disposed between the transflective mirror reflectorof the rear substrate and the half-wave indium tin oxide layer of thefront substrate. Visible light reflectivity of the transflectiveelectrochromic mirror element is about 60-65%; transmission is about20-25%. With a TFT LCD video display disposed behind the rear substrateof such a third-surface transflective electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement in a “display-on-demand” configuration, the presence of (andimage displayed by) the video display screen is only principally visibleto the driver (who views through the transflective mirror reflectiveelement) when the video display element is powered so as to projectlight from the rear of the mirror reflective element).

Also, and as disclosed in U.S. utility patent application Ser. No.09/793,002, filed Feb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268,incorporated above, an image on the screen includes a video viewrearward of the vehicle, and also preferably includes electronicallygenerated indicia overlaying the video image on the video screen andindicating the distance of detected objects (such as via a graphicdisplay or via an alphanumeric display in feet/inches) and/orhighlighting of obstacles/objects that a reversing vehicle is injeopardy of colliding with (such as a child or a barrier). For example,red highlighting can be used, or a screen portion can strobe/flash todraw the driver's attention to an object in the screen. Also, thecontrol can provide an audible output signal to a speaker that audiblyalerts the driver that the vehicle is reversing closer and closer to arear-situated object. The combination of a video reverse-aid system withan audible reverse-aid system based off an object detection system suchas an ultrasonic obstacle detection system is a significant advance overreversing systems known to date, and particularly with distance orsimilar graphics overlaying the video image of the rearward scene.

Also, any of the video screens of the above embodiments, and such asdisclosed in U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 09/793,002, filedFeb. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, can display the image outputby a forward facing image capture device (preferably positioned tocapture a video image of the ground surface/objects/persons immediatelyin front of the vehicle, most preferably encompassing an area thatencompasses substantially the entire front fender width of the vehicle)and/or can display the image output by a rearward facing image capturedevice positioned to capture a video image of the groundsurface/objects/persons immediately to the rear of the vehicle, mostpreferably encompassing an area that encompasses substantially theentire rear fender width of the vehicle. Preferably, a graphic overlaywith indicia of forward or backup travel, such as disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/313,139 filed May 19, 1999, now U.S. Pat.No. 6,222,447, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/776,625, filedFeb. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,202, and in U.S. Pat. No.5,949,331. For example, the intended path of travel and/or a distancegrid can be electronically superimposed upon the video image from areverse-aid camera as displayed on any screen of the above videomirrors, video display assemblies and accessory modules.

It is further envisioned that the control may provide a warning or alertto the driver of the vehicle when the actual geographic position of thevehicle (as provided by the global positioning system of the vehicle) isnot where it should be based on the instructions received from theremote service center. For example, the control may instruct the driverto turn around or otherwise get back onto the given route, or thecontrol may instruct the driver to contact the service center to obtainupdated directions based on the new position of the vehicle. This may bedone if, for example, the geographic position of the vehicle is outsideof a predetermined or threshold range or distance of the next locationor waypoint, or if the geographic position of the vehicle is past thelocation or waypoint. Optionally, the control may provide audible chirpsor other audible signal or the like delivered by a speaker to alert thedriver when approaching a turn or to indicate to the driver that thedriver has missed a turn.

The control may also be operable to continuously monitor the actualgeographic position of the vehicle and compare to the locations orwaypoints associated with the instructions even after the vehicle hasstrayed from the given route. As discussed above, the control mayprovide instructions to turn around to get back on the given route.However, if the vehicle continues along a different path (such as insituations where the driver gets lost and attempts to find a way back tothe given route, or where the driver may take an alternate route, suchas an alternate route known to the driver or a detour or the like), buteventually arrives at one of the geographic locations or waypointsassociated with the downloaded instructions, the control may be operableto recognize that the vehicle is back on the given route and resumecommunicating/displaying the appropriate instructions to the driver todirect the driver to the targeted destination.

During operation, as the driver is driving the vehicle, the driver mayaccess or contact a service center via the telematics system 18 of thevehicle, such as ONSTAR®, TELEAID™, RESCU® or the like, depending on thetype of vehicle, and request driving directions to a particular desireddestination or targeted location. The operator or service center mayprovide the directions to the desired destination from the knownposition of the vehicle (which may be provided by the driver to theservice center or may be known by the service center in response to theglobal positioning system of the vehicle). Preferably, the servicecenter communicates the directions and downloads the directions to astorage location or control of the vehicle. The directions orinstructions are electronically or digitally or otherwise coded ortagged or otherwise associated with or linked to a particular geographiclocation or waypoint either by the remote service center or by thecontrol. The control is then operable to provide the directions insections or parts or steps, with each separate, particular step orinstruction being provided to the driver in response to the currentgeographic position of the vehicle (based on a signal from the globalpositioning system of the vehicle) generally corresponding to aparticular geographic location or waypoint associated with theparticular step or instruction. For example, a step may be provided inresponse to the vehicle completing a previous step of the directions,and/or may be provided in response to the vehicle approaching (such asthe vehicle being within a threshold distance of) the street,intersection, location or the like at which the next step or turn is tobe performed, without affecting the scope of the present invention.

Therefore, the present invention provides a navigation system which isoperable to provide step-by-step instructions to a targeted destinationto a driver of a vehicle while the driver is driving the vehicle towardthe targeted destination. The instructions are downloaded from a remotedatabase at a remote service center or the like via a telematics systemor wireless communication system of the vehicle. The instructions maythen be provided to the driver only as needed by the driver, since theyare coded or associated with or linked to particular geographiclocations or waypoints, thereby simplifying the instructions so that thedriver will be able to understand each step and execute the stepaccordingly. The instructions may be downloaded to a storage or memorylocation or system of the vehicle during a brief communication orconnection with the remote service center, so that the driver does nothave to remain connected with the remote service center or repeatedlycontact the service center to receive updated instructions as the driverdrives the vehicle toward the targeted destination. The downloadedinstructions are only the local instructions and thus do not require anexcessive amount of time to download nor do they require an excessiveamount of storage space or memory on the control. Thus, the remoteservice center, operator, computerized system or the like maintains thedetailed maps and directories, and feeds back or downloads wirelessly tothe vehicle the local information or map for communication or display tothe driver of the vehicle for directional guidance information.

Optionally, the telematics system or communication link or other systemmay be operable to download data, such as via ONSTAR® or othercommunication system, or via a global positioning system or the like, tothe vehicle or to a control or system or accessory of the vehicle. Thedata may be used to adjust an accessory or system of the vehicle or toset the accessory or system of the vehicle to a desired or appropriatesetting in response to the data and/or in response to other vehicle ordriver characteristics or status.

For example, data pertaining to the location of the vehicle, the time ofday, the date, weather conditions and/or driving conditions may beprovided to the vehicle for use in adjustment of an accessory or systemof the vehicle. For example, such data may be used by a seat adjustmentsystem, such that adjustment of the driver or passenger seat of thevehicle may be made in response to changes in such data. This may bebeneficial because, for example, during long journeys, the seatadjustment or position at the start of the journey may not becomfortable or appropriate later on in the long journey. The seatadjustment system of the present invention thus may be operable toadjust the seat position or lumbar support or the like (and the mirrorposition or positions may also be adjusted accordingly) in response tovarious conditions, such as the length of the journey, altitude of thevehicle, driving conditions and/or the like. The scat adjustment systemthus may make dynamic adjustments of the seat or seats to keep thedriver, or occupants of the vehicle comfortable or alert.

Optionally, it is envisioned that the seats of the vehicle may have amassage capability. In such applications, the seat adjustment system orseat control system may detect that the vehicle is on a long journey,and may activate the massage function to enhance the comfort to thedriver of the vehicle. Such an adjustment or control may also be enabledif rural highway conditions are detected or other driving conditionswhere such a feature may be desired. It is further envisioned that theseat adjustment or control system may be programmable, such that aparticular driver or occupant may indicate what changes he or she maydesire in certain conditions. The seat adjustment system may thenautomatically activate such features or changes when the specifiedconditions are detected.

Optionally, the adjustment may also or otherwise be made in response tobiometric data about the driver or occupant that is presently occupyingthe seat. It is known to use body measurements to order clothingtailored to the body measurements. Many catalogue clothing companies arenow taking body scan measurements to order clothing on line. Thesemeasurements ensure a substantially perfect fit of the ordered clothing.Such body scan measurements or data or other such biometric data may beentered into the vehicle seat adjustment system, or may be communicatedto the vehicle seat adjustment system, such as via the telematics systemor other communication system or data system or the like. The seatadjustment system may then adjust the seat (and the mirrors may beadjusted as well) in response to detection of a particular person and/ortheir biometric characteristics or data.

Referring now FIGS. 3 and 4, a biometric seat adjustment system 110 isoperable to adjust the seats 112 of a vehicle 114. The biometric seatadjustment system 110 may adjust a driver seat 112 a, a front passengerseat 112 b, and/or one or more rear passenger seats 112 c via a poweredseat adjustment mechanism 116 (FIG. 4) at the respective seats inresponse to biometric data or information pertaining to a person thatmay be sitting in or may be about to sit in one of the vehicle seats. Asshown in FIG. 4, biometric seat adjustment system 110 includes a control118, which may store biometric data 120 in a memory and/or may receivebiometric data 120 from a remote source or an input device orcommunication (not shown). Control 118 is operable to control or adjustthe seat adjustment mechanism 116 to adjust the seats 112 of the vehicle(such as lumbar support, seat travel, seat height, etc.) in response tothe stored biometric data and/or input. For example, a person may havetheir biometric data or characteristics stored in a memory of control118, and may select a particular code or setting corresponding to theirdata (such as “position 1” of the seat adjustment system), wherebycontrol 118 adjusts the adjustment mechanism of the particular selectedseat in response to the data. Alternately, a person may have theirbiometric data or characteristics stored in a portable device (such as akey fob, PDA, or the like) or at a remote location or device, and mayhave the biometric data or characteristic communicated to the control118, whereby control 118 may adjust the adjustment mechanism of theparticular selected seat in response to the communication. The control118 may also be operable to control or adjust a setting of an interiorrearview mirror 122, an exterior rearview mirror or mirrors 124, asteering wheel 126 and/or the like in response to the input orcommunication.

The present invention thus provides a vehicle seat adjustment inresponse to biometric data, such as various body dimensions, weight,sex, age and the like. Such body dimension measurements, such as thosetaken for ordering clothing, may be made on a person and may becontained in the person's computer or the like, along with otherbiometric data or characteristics of the person (and optionally mayinclude preferences of the person). These data may be loaded into thevehicle computer and/or seat adjustment system. The seat adjustmentsystem receives the data and may be operable to pre-adjust the driverseat (or passenger seat or other seat) of the vehicle in response to thedata so that the seat that the person will sit in is set to the person'sprecise body measurements and other data. Additionally, the adjustmentsystem may pre-adjust an interior rearview mirror, exterior rearviewmirror or mirrors, steering wheel and/or the like in response to themeasurements or inputs.

The body dimensions may be saved in a person's computer or PDA, such asdone for ordering clothing. Such measurement and saving technology nowexists and is used by some catalogues, such as Lands' End and/or Levi(which provides for measurements in their stores and these measurementsare stored in the person's file for ordering perfect fit jeans).Alternately, a vehicle dealer may perform simple measurements on aperson (like a tailor with a new suit). This information may then beused to adjust the seat in the person's vehicle to the person's bodysize, weight, age, sex, etc. For example, the vehicle dealer maydownload the information or data for a person or person's (such as adriver and their spouse) into memory positions 1 and 2 of a vehicle seatadjustment memory of the person's vehicle. Optionally, the data may bedownloaded into a Bluetooth (or other communication protocol) enabledphone, PDA or key fob, which may then be used to communicate the data tothe targeted vehicle. Such an approach would be particularly suitablefor and advantageous to use with rental cars.

The biometric seat adjustment system preferably utilizes the normalmemory seat adjustment system or mechanisms currently in some vehicles,such as high end vehicles. While the seats today can be adjusted to aperson's particular preferences, it is likely that most people takeawhile to get themselves comfortable. By using a few body dimensions andthe person's weight (and may be other information or characteristics aswell), the present invention may set the seat or seats substantiallyperfectly before or when the person or persons first get into thevehicle.

It is envisioned that the biometric data measurement event may occur inthe vehicle (such as by an in-vehicle laser or similar scanners and/orcameras that measure the driver's and/or passengers' biometricdimensions). Alternately, the biometric data may be measured external tothe vehicle (such as at a dealership “booth” when the driver is orderingand/or receiving delivery of the vehicle or at a biometric measurementbooth at a Mall or other store or facility or the like) and may beprovided to the vehicle in a manner such as described above and/or via,for example, an ONSTAR® telematics service or via a similartelecommunication system or event or the like.

It is further envisioned that more than the seat or seats (lumbarsupport/seat travel/seat height etc.) may be adjusted in response to theindividual biometric data stored in or communicated to the vehiclememory system. For example, exterior and/or interior mirror reflectiveelements may be moved or adjusted in response to such stored or inputbiometrics data, which may be called up or loaded when that particularindividual sits in one of the seats of the vehicle. Additionally, otheraccessories or systems of the vehicle may be adjusted or customized,such as suspension characteristics; steering column, tilt; size ofdisplay characters (for example, older drivers may desire largeralphanumerical display digits); and/or the like, in response to thebiometric data of a particular individual.

Therefore, the present invention provides a navigation system which isoperable to provide step-by-step instructions to a targeted destinationto a driver of a vehicle while the driver is driving the vehicle towardthe targeted destination. The instructions are downloaded from a remotedatabase at a remote service center or the like via a telematics systemor wireless communication system of the vehicle. The instructions maythen be provided to the driver only as needed by the driver, since theyare coded or associated with or linked to particular geographiclocations or waypoints, thereby simplifying the instructions so that thedriver will be able to understand each step and execute the stepaccordingly. The present invention may also provide a seat adjustmentfunction that automatically adjusts the seat of the vehicle in responseto data communicated to the vehicle via a telematics system or a globalpositioning system or the like. The seat adjustment system or functionmay be operable to adjust the seat of the vehicle in response tobiometric data of the person occupying the seat. The interior and/orexterior rearview mirrors may also be adjusted in response to the dataor seat adjustments.

Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments maybe carried out without departing from the principles of the presentinvention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of theappended claims as interpreted according to the principles of patentlaw.

1. A video mirror system for a vehicle, said video mirror systemcomprising: an interior rearview mirror assembly attached at an interiorportion of a vehicle equipped with said video mirror system, saidinterior rearview mirror assembly comprising an electrochromicreflective element; wherein said electrochromic reflective elementcomprises a front substrate and a rear substrate with an electrochromicmedium sandwiched therebetween; wherein a first surface of said frontsubstrate faces generally towards a driver of the equipped vehicle whensaid interior rearview mirror assembly is attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle, and wherein a second surface of saidfront substrate is opposite said first surface of said front substrateand has a transparent conductive coating established thereat; wherein athird surface of said rear substrate has a transflective mirrorreflector established thereat and wherein a fourth surface of said rearsubstrate is opposite said third surface of said rear substrate; whereinsaid electrochromic medium contacts said transparent conductive coatingat said second surface of said front substrate and said transflectivemirror reflector at said third surface of said rear substrate; a videodisplay screen disposed to the rear of said fourth surface of said rearsubstrate of said reflective element, wherein said video display screen,when actuated, emits light that passes through said transflective mirrorreflector of said reflective element to be visible to a driver of theequipped vehicle viewing said first surface of said front substrate ofsaid reflective element; wherein said video display screen comprises athin film transistor liquid crystal display element; wherein said liquidcrystal display element is back lit by a plurality of white lightemitting light emitting diodes; wherein at least some of said pluralityof white light emitting light emitting diodes are operable to eachindividually deliver a luminous efficiency of at least about 1 lumen perwatt; wherein the presence of said video display screen is onlyprincipally visible to the driver of the equipped vehicle, who isviewing said interior rearview mirror assembly when it is attached atthe interior portion of the equipped vehicle, when said liquid crystaldisplay element is back lit; wherein said reflective element is at leastabout 15 percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourthsurface of said rear substrate of said reflective element at where saidvideo display screen is disposed; wherein a camera having a field ofview rearward of the equipped vehicle is mounted at the rear of theequipped vehicle and wherein, during a reversing maneuver of theequipped vehicle, a video output of said camera is displayed by saidvideo display screen as video images so as to assist the driver inreversing the equipped vehicle; and wherein said video display screen isoperable to display at least one of (i) an instruction, (ii) an icon,(iii) a character, (iv) a symbol and (v) indicia.
 2. The video mirrorsystem of claim 1, wherein said reflective element is at least about 20percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourth surface ofsaid rear substrate of said reflective element at where said videodisplay screen is disposed.
 3. The video mirror system of claim 1,wherein said reflective element is at least about 25 percenttransmitting to visible light incident at said fourth surface of saidrear substrate of said reflective element at where said video displayscreen is disposed.
 4. The video mirror system of claim 1, wherein saidreflective element is at least about 60 percent reflective of visiblelight incident at said first surface of said front substrate of saidreflective element.
 5. The video mirror system of claim 1, wherein atleast some of said plurality of white light emitting light emittingdiodes are operable to each individually deliver a luminous efficiencyof at least about 3 lumens per watt.
 6. The video mirror system of claim1, wherein at least some of said plurality of white light emitting lightemitting diodes are operable to each individually deliver a luminousefficiency of at least about 7 lumens per watt.
 7. The video mirrorsystem of claim 1, wherein said plurality white light emitting lightemitting diodes comprises at least four white light emitting lightemitting diodes, and wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 1 lumen per watt.
 8. The videomirror system of claim 7, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 3 lumens per watt.
 9. The videomirror system of claim 7, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 5 lumens per watt.
 10. The videomirror system of claim 7, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 7 lumens per watt.
 11. The videomirror system of claim 7, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 15 lumens per watt.
 12. The videomirror system of claim 7, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 20 lumens per watt.
 13. The videomirror system of claim 1, wherein at least some of said plurality ofwhite light emitting light emitting diodes are operable to eachindividually pass at least about 100 milliamps forward current.
 14. Thevideo mirror system of claim 1, wherein at least some of said pluralityof white light emitting light emitting diodes are operable to eachindividually pass a forward current in the range of about 20 milliampsto about 100 milliamps.
 15. The video mirror system of claim 1, whereinat least some of said plurality of white light emitting light emittingdiodes are operable to each individually provide a radiation patternhaving a cone of at least about 30 degrees.
 16. The video mirror systemof claim 15, wherein at least some of said plurality of white lightemitting light emitting diodes are operable to each individually providea radiation pattern having a cone of up to about 160 degrees.
 17. Thevideo mirror system of claim 1, wherein said interior rearview mirrorassembly comprises a circuit board.
 18. The video mirror system of claim17, wherein electronic components of said circuit board are commonlyutilized to control (i) electrochromic activity of said electrochromicreflective element and (ii) said video display screen.
 19. The videomirror system of claim 18, wherein said circuit board supports lightemitting diodes.
 20. The video mirror system of claim 1, wherein atleast one of said front substrate and said rear substrate has athickness of about 1.6 mm or less.
 21. The video mirror system of claim1, comprising a control operable to control at least one accessory ofthe equipped vehicle in accordance with a characteristic of an occupantof the equipped vehicle.
 22. The video mirror system of claim 21,wherein said at least one accessory comprises a seat adjustment systemoperable to adjust a seat of the equipped vehicle in accordance with abiometric characteristic of an occupant of the equipped vehicle.
 23. Thevideo mirror system of claim 22, wherein said seat adjustment system isoperable to adjust a seat of the equipped vehicle in response tobiometric data, said biometric data pertaining to the occupant of theseat of the equipped vehicle.
 24. The video mirror system of claim 23,wherein the occupant of the equipped vehicle is the driver of theequipped vehicle and wherein said at least one accessory comprises amirror adjustment system that is operable to at least one of (a) adjusta setting of said interior rearview mirror assembly of the equippedvehicle responsive at least in part to said biometric data and (b)adjust a setting of an exterior rearview mirror assembly of the equippedvehicle responsive at least in part to said biometric data.
 25. Thevideo mirror system of claim 1, comprising a control operable tocommunicate with an external service provider via a wirelesscommunication link between the equipped vehicle and the external serviceprovider.
 26. The video mirror system of claim 25, wherein said controlreceives an input from the driver of the equipped vehicle, andresponsive thereto, establishes said wireless communication link betweenthe equipped vehicle and the external service provider, and wherein saidcontrol controls at least one accessory of the equipped vehicleresponsive to a geographic location of the equipped vehicle asdetermined by a global positioning system of the equipped vehicle, andwherein data from the external service provider is downloaded to saidcontrol via said wireless communication link, and wherein said controlcomprises memory for storing downloaded data at least after saidwireless communication link established between said control and theexternal service provider is disconnected.
 27. The video mirror systemof claim 26, wherein said downloaded data comprises downloaded drivinginstruction data useful for instructing the driver of the equippedvehicle how to drive from an initial location to a destination location,and wherein driving instructions derived at least in part from saiddownloaded driving instruction data are displayed by said video displayscreen for viewing by the driver of the equipped vehicle, and whereinsaid driving instructions are displayed by said video display screen ina step-by-step manner, with at least some driving instruction stepsbeing displayed by said video display screen after said wirelesscommunication link between said control and the external serviceprovider is disconnected.
 28. The video mirror system of claim 27,wherein said driving instructions comprise at least two drivinginstructions with each of said at least two driving instructions beingcoded or associated with or linked to a respective geographic location,and wherein each driving instruction is displayed by said video displayscreen only when the then current actual geographic position of theequipped vehicle at least generally corresponds to the particulargeographic location coded or associated with or linked to said eachdriving instruction.
 29. The video mirror system of claim 28, whereinsaid control provides an alert to the driver of the equipped vehiclewhen the actual geographic position of the equipped vehicle is not whereit should be.
 30. The video mirror system of claim 1, wherein an overlayindicative of an intended path of rearward travel of the equippedvehicle overlays said video images displayed by said video displayscreen.
 31. The video mirror system of claim 30, wherein said overlayindicates distance.
 32. The video mirror system of claim 31, whereinsaid overlay indicates distance to an object detected by an objectdetection system of the equipped vehicle.
 33. The video mirror system ofclaim 32, wherein said object detection system comprises an ultrasonicobject detection system.
 34. A video mirror system for a vehicle, saidvideo mirror system comprising: an interior rearview mirror assemblyattached at an interior portion of a vehicle equipped with said videomirror system, said interior rearview mirror assembly comprising anelectrochromic reflective element; wherein said electrochromicreflective element comprises a front substrate and a rear substrate withan electrochromic medium sandwiched therebetween; wherein a firstsurface of said front substrate faces generally towards a driver of theequipped vehicle when said interior rearview mirror assembly is attachedat the interior portion of the equipped vehicle, and wherein a secondsurface of said front substrate is opposite said first surface of saidfront substrate and has a transparent conductive coating establishedthereat; wherein a third surface of said rear substrate has atransflective mirror reflector established thereat and wherein a fourthsurface of said rear substrate is opposite said third surface of saidrear substrate; wherein said electrochromic medium contacts saidtransparent conductive coating at said second surface of said frontsubstrate and said transflective mirror reflector at said third surfaceof said rear substrate; a video display screen disposed to the rear ofsaid fourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element,wherein said video display screen, when actuated, emits light thatpasses through said transflective mirror reflector of said reflectiveelement to be visible to a driver of the equipped vehicle viewing saidfirst surface of said front substrate of said reflective element;wherein said video display screen comprises a thin film transistorliquid crystal display element; wherein said liquid crystal displayelement is back lit by a plurality of white light emitting lightemitting diodes; wherein the presence of said video display screen isonly principally visible to the driver of the equipped vehicle, who isviewing said interior rearview mirror assembly when it is attached atthe interior portion of the equipped vehicle, when said liquid crystaldisplay element is back lit; wherein said reflective element is at leastabout 15 percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourthsurface of said rear substrate of said reflective element at where saidvideo display screen is disposed; wherein a camera having a field ofview rearward of the equipped vehicle is mounted at the rear of theequipped vehicle and wherein, during a reversing maneuver of theequipped vehicle, a video output of said camera is displayed by saidvideo display screen as video images so as to assist the driver inreversing the equipped vehicle; wherein said video display screen isoperable to display at least one of (i) an instruction, (ii) an icon,(iii) a character, (iv) a symbol and (v) indicia; wherein said interiorrearview mirror assembly comprises a circuit board; wherein electroniccomponents of said circuit board are commonly utilized to control (i)electrochromic activity of said electrochromic reflective element and(ii) said video display screen; and wherein said circuit board supportslight emitting diodes.
 35. The video mirror system of claim 34, whereinsaid reflective element is at least about 20 percent transmitting tovisible light incident at said fourth surface of said rear substrate ofsaid reflective element at where said video display screen is disposed.36. The video mirror system of claim 34, wherein said reflective elementis at least about 25 percent transmitting to visible light incident atsaid fourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element atwhere said video display screen is disposed.
 37. The video mirror systemof claim 34, wherein said reflective element is at least about 60percent reflective of visible light incident at said first surface ofsaid front substrate of said reflective element.
 38. The video mirrorsystem of claim 34, wherein at least some of said plurality of whitelight emitting light emitting diodes are operable to each individuallyprovide a wide-angle radiation pattern having a cone of at least about30 degrees.
 39. The video mirror system of claim 38, wherein at leastsome of said plurality of white light emitting light emitting diodes areoperable to each individually provide a wide-angle radiation patternhaving a cone of up to about 160 degrees.
 40. The video mirror system ofclaim 34, wherein an overlay indicative of an intended path of rearwardtravel of the equipped vehicle overlays said video images displayed bysaid video display screen.
 41. The video mirror system of claim 40,wherein at least one of (a) said overlay indicates distance, (b) saidoverlay indicates distance to an object, (c) said overlay indicatesdistance to an object detected by an object detection system of theequipped vehicle, and (d) said overlay indicates distance to an objectdetected by an ultrasonic object detection system of the equippedvehicle.
 42. The video mirror system of claim 34, wherein said pluralitywhite light emitting light emitting diodes comprises at least four whitelight emitting light emitting diodes, and wherein each of said at leastfour white light emitting light emitting diodes is operable toindividually deliver a luminance efficiency of at least about 3 lumensper watt.
 43. The video mirror system of claim 42, wherein each of saidat least four white light emitting light emitting diodes is operable toindividually deliver a luminance efficiency of at least about 7 lumensper watt.
 44. The video mirror system of claim 42, wherein each of saidat least four white light emitting light emitting diodes is operable toindividually deliver a luminance efficiency of at least about 20 lumensper watt.
 45. The video mirror system of claim 34, wherein at least someof said plurality of white light emitting light emitting diodes areoperable to each individually pass a forward current in the range ofabout 20 milliamps to about 100 milliamps.
 46. A video mirror system fora vehicle, said video mirror system comprising: an interior rearviewmirror assembly attached at an interior portion of a vehicle equippedwith said video minor system, said interior rearview mirror assemblycomprising an electrochromic reflective element; wherein saidelectrochromic reflective element comprises a front substrate and a rearsubstrate with an electrochromic medium sandwiched therebetween; whereina first surface of said front substrate faces generally towards a driverof the equipped vehicle when said interior rearview mirror assembly isattached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle, and wherein asecond surface of said front substrate is opposite said first surface ofsaid front substrate and has a transparent conductive coatingestablished thereat; wherein a third surface of said rear substrate hasa transflective mirror reflector established thereat and wherein afourth surface of said rear substrate is opposite said third surface ofsaid rear substrate; wherein said electrochromic medium contacts saidtransparent conductive coating at said second surface of said frontsubstrate and said transflective mirror reflector at said third surfaceof said rear substrate; a video display screen disposed to the rear ofsaid fourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element,wherein said video display screen, when actuated, emits light thatpasses through said transflective mirror reflector of said reflectiveelement to be visible to a driver of the equipped vehicle viewing saidfirst surface of said front substrate of said reflective element;wherein said video display screen comprises a thin film transistorliquid crystal display element; wherein said liquid crystal displayelement is back lit by a plurality of white light emitting lightemitting diodes; wherein the presence of said video display screen isonly principally visible to the driver of the equipped vehicle, who isviewing said interior rearview mirror assembly when it is attached atthe interior portion of the equipped vehicle, when said liquid crystaldisplay element is back lit; wherein said reflective element is at leastabout 15 percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourthsurface of said rear substrate of said reflective element at where saidvideo display screen is disposed; wherein a camera having a field ofview rearward of the equipped vehicle is mounted at the rear of theequipped vehicle and wherein, during a reversing maneuver of theequipped vehicle, a video output of said camera is displayed by saidvideo display screen as video images so as to assist the driver inreversing the equipped vehicle; and wherein an overlay indicative of anintended path of rearward travel of the equipped vehicle overlays saidvideo images displayed by said video display screen.
 47. The videomirror system of claim 46, wherein said overlay at least one of (a)indicates distance, (b) indicates distance to an object, (c) indicatesdistance to an object detected by an object detection system of theequipped vehicle, and (d) indicates distance to an object detected by anultrasonic object detection system of the equipped vehicle.
 48. Thevideo mirror system of claim 46, wherein said reflective element is atleast about 20 percent transmitting to visible light incident at saidfourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element atwhere said video display screen is disposed.
 49. The video mirror systemof claim 48, wherein said reflective element is at least about 60percent reflective of visible light incident at said first surface ofsaid front substrate of said reflective element.
 50. The video mirrorsystem of claim 46, wherein said reflective element is at least about 25percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourth surface ofsaid rear substrate of said reflective element at where said videodisplay screen is disposed.
 51. The video mirror system of claim 46,wherein said plurality white light emitting light emitting diodescomprises at least four white light emitting light emitting diodes, andwherein each of said at least four white light emitting light emittingdiodes is operable to individually deliver a luminance efficiency of atleast about 3 lumens per watt.
 52. The video mirror system of claim 51,wherein each of said at least four white light emitting light emittingdiodes is operable to individually deliver a luminance efficiency of atleast about 5 lumens per watt.
 53. The video mirror system of claim 51,wherein each of said at least four white light emitting light emittingdiodes is operable to individually deliver a luminance efficiency of atleast about 15 lumens per watt.
 54. The video mirror system of claim 46,wherein at least some of said plurality of white light emitting lightemitting diodes are operable to each individually pass a forward currentin the range of about 20 milliamps to about 100 milliamps.
 55. The videomirror system of claim 46, wherein at least some of said plurality ofwhite light emitting light emitting diodes are operable to eachindividually pass at least about 100 milliamps forward current.
 56. Avideo mirror system for a vehicle, said video mirror system comprising:an interior rearview mirror assembly attached at an interior portion ofa vehicle equipped with said video mirror system, said interior rearviewmirror assembly comprising an electrochromic reflective element; whereinsaid electrochromic reflective element comprises a front substrate and arear substrate with an electrochromic medium sandwiched therebetween;wherein a first surface of said front substrate faces generally towardsa driver of the equipped vehicle when said interior rearview mirrorassembly is attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle,and wherein a second surface of said front substrate is opposite saidfirst surface of said front substrate and has a transparent conductivecoating established thereat; wherein a third surface of said rearsubstrate has a transflective mirror reflector established thereat andwherein a fourth surface of said rear substrate is opposite said thirdsurface of said rear substrate; wherein said electrochromic mediumcontacts said transparent conductive coating at said second surface ofsaid front substrate and said transflective mirror reflector at saidthird surface of said rear substrate; a video display screen disposed tothe rear of said fourth surface of said rear substrate of saidreflective element, wherein said video display screen, when actuated,emits light that passes through said transflective mirror reflector ofsaid reflective element to be visible to a driver of the equippedvehicle viewing said first surface of said front substrate of saidreflective element; wherein said video display screen comprises a thinfilm transistor liquid crystal display element; wherein said liquidcrystal display element is back lit by a plurality of white lightemitting light emitting diodes; wherein said plurality white lightemitting light emitting diodes comprises at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes, and wherein each of said at least fourwhite light emitting light emitting diodes is operable to individuallydeliver a luminance efficiency of at least about 3 lumens per watt;wherein the presence of said video display screen is only principallyvisible to the driver of the equipped vehicle, who is viewing saidinterior rearview mirror assembly when it is attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle, when said liquid crystal displayelement is back lit; wherein said reflective element is at least about20 percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourth surfaceof said rear substrate of said reflective element at where said videodisplay screen is disposed; wherein a camera having a field of viewrearward of the equipped vehicle is mounted at the rear of the equippedvehicle and wherein, during a reversing maneuver of the equippedvehicle, a video output of said camera is displayed by said videodisplay screen as video images so as to assist the driver in reversingthe equipped vehicle; and wherein an overlay indicative of an intendedpath of rearward travel of the equipped vehicle overlays said videoimages displayed by said video display screen.
 57. The video mirrorsystem of claim 56, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 7 lumens per watt.
 58. The videomirror system of claim 56, wherein each of said at least four whitelight emitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually delivera luminance efficiency of at least about 15 lumens per watt.
 59. Thevideo mirror system of claim 56, wherein said overlay at least one of(a) indicates distance, (b) indicates distance to an object, (c)indicates distance to an object detected by an object detection systemof the equipped vehicle, and (d) indicates distance to an objectdetected by an ultrasonic object detection system of the equippedvehicle.
 60. The video mirror system of claim 56, wherein saidreflective element is at least about 60 percent reflective of visiblelight incident at said first surface of said front substrate of saidreflective element.
 61. The video mirror system of claim 56, whereinsaid reflective element is at least about 25 percent transmitting tovisible light incident at said fourth surface of said rear substrate ofsaid reflective element at where said video display screen is disposed.62. The video minor system of claim 56, wherein at least some of saidplurality of white light emitting light emitting diodes are operable toeach individually pass a forward current in the range of about 20milliamps to about 100 milliamps.
 63. A video mirror system for avehicle, said video mirror system comprising: an interior rearviewmirror assembly attached at an interior portion of a vehicle equippedwith said video mirror system, said interior rearview mirror assemblycomprising an electrochromic reflective element; wherein saidelectrochromic reflective element comprises a front substrate and a rearsubstrate with an electrochromic medium sandwiched therebetween; whereina first surface of said front substrate faces generally towards a driverof the equipped vehicle when said interior rearview mirror assembly isattached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle, and wherein asecond surface of said front substrate is opposite said first surface ofsaid front substrate and has a transparent conductive coatingestablished thereat; wherein a third surface of said rear substrate hasa transflective mirror reflector established thereat and wherein afourth surface of said rear substrate is opposite said third surface ofsaid rear substrate; wherein said electrochromic medium contacts saidtransparent conductive coating at said second surface of said frontsubstrate and said transflective mirror reflector at said third surfaceof said rear substrate; a video display screen disposed to the rear ofsaid fourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element,wherein said video display screen, when actuated, emits light thatpasses through said transflective mirror reflector of said reflectiveelement to be visible to a driver of the equipped vehicle viewing saidfirst surface of said front substrate of said reflective element;wherein said video display screen comprises a thin film transistorliquid crystal display element; wherein said liquid crystal displayelement is back lit by a plurality of white light emitting lightemitting diodes; wherein said plurality white light emitting lightemitting diodes comprises at least four white light emitting lightemitting diodes, and wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 3 lumens per watt; wherein eachof said at least four white light emitting light emitting diodes isoperable to individually pass a forward current of at least about 20milliamps; wherein the presence of said video display screen is onlyprincipally visible to the driver of the equipped vehicle, who isviewing said interior rearview mirror assembly when it is attached atthe interior portion of the equipped vehicle, when said liquid crystaldisplay element is back lit; wherein said reflective element is at leastabout 15 percent transmitting to visible light incident at said fourthsurface of said rear substrate of said reflective element at where saidvideo display screen is disposed; wherein a camera having a field ofview rearward of the equipped vehicle is mounted at the rear of theequipped vehicle and wherein, during a reversing maneuver of theequipped vehicle, a video output of said camera is displayed by saidvideo display screen as video images so as to assist the driver inreversing the equipped vehicle; and wherein said interior rearviewmirror assembly comprises a circuit board, and wherein said circuitboard supports light emitting diodes.
 64. The video mirror system ofclaim 63, wherein each of said at least four white light emitting lightemitting diodes is operable to each individually pass at least about 100milliamps forward current.
 65. The video mirror system of claim 63,wherein each of said at least four white light emitting light emittingdiodes is operable to each individually pass a forward current in therange of about 20 milliamps to about 100 milliamps.
 66. The video mirrorsystem of claim 63, wherein each of said at least four white lightemitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually deliver aluminance efficiency of at least about 7 lumens per watt.
 67. The videomirror system of claim 63, wherein each of said at least four whitelight emitting light emitting diodes is operable to individually delivera luminance efficiency of at least about 15 lumens per watt.
 68. Thevideo mirror system of claim 63, wherein said reflective element is atleast about 20 percent transmitting to visible light incident at saidfourth surface of said rear substrate of said reflective element atwhere said video display screen is disposed.
 69. The video mirror systemof claim 68, wherein said reflective element is at least about 60percent reflective of visible light incident at said first surface ofsaid front substrate of said reflective element.
 70. The video mirrorsystem of claim 63, wherein electronic components of said circuit boardare commonly utilized to control (i) electrochromic activity of saidelectrochromic reflective element and (ii) said video display screen.71. The video mirror system of claim 63, wherein said video displayscreen is operable to display at least one of (i) an instruction, (ii)an icon, (iii) a character, (iv) a symbol and (v) indicia.
 72. The videomirror system of claim 63, wherein an overlay indicative of an intendedpath of rearward travel of the equipped vehicle overlays said videoimages displayed by said video display screen.
 73. The video mirrorsystem of claim 72, wherein said overlay at least one of (a) indicatesdistance, (b) indicates distance to an object, (c) indicates distance toan object detected by an object detection system of the equippedvehicle, and (d) indicates distance to an object detected by anultrasonic object detection system of the equipped vehicle.